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by sayum
21 December 2025 10:40 AM
“A child cannot be left to the vagaries of piecemeal orders in the interregnum of trial” — Supreme Court Orders Structured Interim Custody in Cross-Border Parenting Dispute
In a transformative decision Supreme Court of India ruled that interim child custody arrangements must be predictable and stable, especially in cross-border disputes. Rejecting the lower court’s insistence on repeated interlocutory applications, the Court held that such a requirement is both procedurally burdensome and emotionally disruptive to the child and the non-custodial parent.
Justice Vikram Nath, writing for the bench, declared: “Custody litigation, like all civil litigation, proceeds at a measured pace. The child cannot be left to the vagaries of piecemeal orders in the interregnum.”
“Apply Every Time” is Not a Justifiable Visitation Framework: Court Calls for Predictable Access
The dispute involved Eby Cherian, an NRI based in the UAE, who had been denied structured access to his six-year-old daughter, forcing him to file 20 interim applications and 4 High Court petitions within nine months, only to secure 37 days of visitation. The Family Court, Ernakulam insisted he file an application every time he returned to India. The High Court declined to intervene, dismissing his plea for a standing visitation order.
The Supreme Court condemned this procedural rigidity, observing: “The Family Court’s arrangement places an undue procedural burden on the appellant, who has to not only arrange leave, travel and expenses… but also engage counsel to ensure even temporary access.”
It further held that requiring an NRI father to undergo such a process each time eroded the parent-child bond and was fundamentally contrary to the welfare of the child.
“If the Parent is Consistent, the Process Must Be Stable”: Court Emphasizes Substance Over Red Tape
The Court found no fault in the father’s conduct. He paid monthly maintenance without fail, coordinated his travel with the child’s calendar, and kept meticulous records of communication and travel. Despite this, he had been denied regular and assured contact.
The Bench observed: “Where a non-custodial parent demonstrates consistency and sacrifices for the child, procedure ought not to stand in the way of a predictable schedule.”
Rejecting the High Court’s view that a fixed interim arrangement must await final trial, the Court declared: “A trial should not be a prerequisite for predictable parenting time. The interregnum cannot be a zone of uncertainty.”
“Emotional Development Demands Consistency”: Apex Court Lays Down Comprehensive Access Schedule
Issuing a model arrangement in lieu of the lower court’s piecemeal orders, the Court directed a standing interim schedule for in-person custody whenever the father is in India for a minimum of seven days, with access over weekends. It also allowed remote contact during overseas stays via scheduled video calls.
While empowering the Family Court to modify logistical details, the Court warned: “The Family Court may vary the logistics… but not the quantum of access unless materially changed circumstances arise.”
It noted that frequent litigation over visitation not only burdens the judicial system but also fosters bitterness and uncertainty for the child.
This judgment signals a progressive shift in India’s family law jurisprudence, especially in NRI custody cases. By explicitly rejecting the outdated model of repetitive filings for visitation, the Supreme Court has recognized the emotional toll of litigation on both child and parent.
“Predictability is not just for the parent; it is vital for the child’s emotional development. Uncertainty fosters conflict,” the Court remarked.
With this ruling, the Supreme Court has reinforced that child welfare cannot be subordinated to procedural technicalities, and that consistent, responsible non-custodial parents deserve stable parenting arrangements pending final adjudication.
Date of Decision: May 15, 2025
