Land Use Regulation – Challenge against High Court order imposing penalties under Maharashtra Land Revenue Code for excavation of earth in construction activities - Builders argue excavation part of sanctioned building plans, not subject to mining regulations - Supreme Court highlights specific use of excavated earth in sanctioned building processes, rendering it outside the ambit of 'minor mineral' exploitation as specified in notification - Held that excavation for foundations does not equate to unauthorized mineral extraction, reversing High Court's decision - Penalties for unauthorized excavation set aside, with directives for re-evaluation based on excavation purpose. [Paras 1-18]

Constitutional Law – Discussion on potential constitutional invalidity of Section 48(7) of the Maharashtra Land Revenue Code as possibly overridden by federal law under Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act due to comprehensive central regulation of minerals - High Court's imposition of penalties considered, but Supreme Court refrains from ruling on constitutionality, leaving the issue open for a suitable case. [Paras 6, 17-18]

Land Reservation and Acquisition – Appellant owns land reserved for Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC) and Truck Terminal under MRTP Act, 1966 – Appellant's applications for development were repeatedly stalled due to changes in the development plans and non-initiation of acquisition proceedings – High Court dismissed appellant's writ seeking either release from reservation or acquisition, citing incomplete development scheme and timeframe for acquisition – Supreme Court finds fault with non-action over twenty years, leading to inability of appellant to utilize land for any development – Held that land should be released from reservation under Section 127 of MRTP Act as statutory period elapsed without acquisition steps being initiated. [Paras 1-17]

Legal Principles – Appellant cannot be deprived of using his property indefinitely due to lack of acquisition – Cited T. Vijayalakshmi and Others vs. Town Planning Member and Another and Girnar Traders vs. State of Maharashtra for principles on acquisition and lapsing of reservation – Authorities' failure to act within statutory periods results in release of land for development as per adjacent land use under current plans. [Paras 12, 13, 14]

This judgment emphasizes the importance of adhering to statutory timelines for land acquisition and underscores the rights of landowners against prolonged inaction by authorities, clarifying that such inaction results in automatic release of land from reservation, allowing owners to develop their property as per permissible uses.

Criminal Misconduct and Misappropriation: Assistant Manager at UCO Bank conspired with broker Harshad S. Mehta, diverting Rs. 7.75 crores of public funds from EEPC (Engineering Export Promotion Council) to Mehta’s account under false securities transactions - Accusation of issuing Bank Receipts without actual securities, reflecting misuse of official position for personal gain - Conspiracy, criminal breach of trust, forgery, and offences under the Prevention of Corruption Act established. [Paras 1-18]

Conviction and Sentence: Special Court’s conviction affirmed based on documentary and testimonial evidence substantiating unauthorized transactions and forgeries - Sentence reduced to time already served, considering the totality of circumstances. [Paras 17-18]

Criminal Law - Authorization of Investigative Authority – Challenge against High Court's decision nullifying trial court’s permission for a Sub-Inspector to investigate corruption charges - High Court ruled improper authorization under Prevention of Corruption Act as no statutory provision allows court to enable Sub-Inspector investigation - Supreme Court holds trial court’s permission valid when sought through proper application, not impacting legality of investigation - Reinstates charge-sheet and proceedings after successful investigation despite lower rank of investigating officer - Legal interpretation by Supreme Court emphasizes that irregularity in investigation does not vitiate trial outcomes unless clear miscarriage of justice demonstrated - Findings stress that procedural lapses in investigation, without proof of prejudice during trial, do not necessarily void outcomes - High Court's disregard for trial court's reasoned permission termed error in judgment, leading to setting aside of High Court order. [Paras 3-19]

The Supreme Court allowed the appeals, setting aside the High Court's order, and affirmed the trial court's decision allowing the Sub-Inspector to proceed with the investigation, directing the trial to proceed expeditiously.

Compassionate Appointment Eligibility - Supreme Court reverses High Court's direction for reassessment of the respondent's rejection for compassionate appointment in police service, despite acquittals in criminal cases - Acquittal due to compromise or lack of evidence does not conclusively prove suitability for police service - The competent authority's decision to reject based on criminal antecedents upheld, stressing the importance of integrity and clean character for recruitment into police services - Supreme Court emphasizes that even acquitted or discharged individuals might not be suitable if the nature of acquittal raises doubts about character - Reliance placed on several precedents affirming the discretionary power of the competent authorities in matters of recruitment, especially concerning candidates with previous criminal involvements - Held, the dismissal of the respondent's application for compassionate appointment was justified [Paras 3-16].

Definition of 'owner' in MV Act, 1988 discussed in relation to liability in motor accidents - Focus on whether a financier (bank), as part of a hypothecation agreement, could be deemed 'owner' for responsibilities including insurance and third-party risks. [Paras 8-26]

High Court's interpretation linking ownership for insurance purposes under the hypothecation agreement challenged - Supreme Court clarifies that mere financing under hypothecation does not transfer possession or control hence not fitting the statutory definition of 'owner' under MV Act, 1988. [Paras 12, 24-25]

The case emphasized the registered owner's liability when they retain control or when they fail to fulfill the mandatory insurance requirement as stipulated by MV Act. It was found that HDFC Bank as a financier wasn't in possession or control of the vehicle at the time of the accident. [Paras 23-26]

Liability to pay compensation lies with the actual controller of the vehicle at the time of the accident, not necessarily with the financier who lacks possession or control. [Para 26]

Decision: Appeals allowed - The financier (bank) was not in possession or control of the vehicle at the time of the accident and hence, is not considered 'owner' under MV Act, 1988, for the purpose of third-party risks and insurance.

Liability to satisfy the compensation awarded by the tribunal lies with the actual owner who was in control and possession of the vehicle at the time of the accident.

No order as to costs.

Kidnapping and Murder Conviction - Appellants convicted under Sections 302, 34, 364-A, 201, 120-B IPC for their involvement in kidnapping and subsequent murder of victims; subsequent concealment of bodies and evidence highlighted the planned conspiracy - Evidence substantiated by recoveries made at accused's disclosure, affirming high court's sentence of life imprisonment - [Paras 1-4]

Compensation to Victims - State directed to pay Rs. 10 lakhs as interim compensation to the victims' families under Section 357A of the CrPC, addressing inadequacies in victim support through criminal proceedings; significant in light of Section 357A's intent to provide substantial state support to victims irrespective of case outcome - [Para 10-12]

Burden of Proof and Section 106 of Evidence Act - Invoked requiring accused to explain circumstances exclusively within their knowledge; failure to adequately explain considered adverse, supporting convictions based on circumstantial evidence and statutory provisions - [Para 8-9]

Appeal Outcome - Supreme Court dismisses appeal, orders immediate custody of appellants, upholds conviction and life sentences, emphasizes comprehensive state responsibility for victim compensation beyond criminal conviction results - [Para 9, 12-16]

Referred Cases:

Abdul Rashid Vs. State of Odisha, (2014) 1 ILR (Ori) 202

Laxmi Vs. Union of India and Others, (2013) 9 SCALE 291 : (2014) 4 SCC 427

Delhi Domestic Working Women's Forum Vs. Union of India (UOI) and Others, (1994) 3 Crimes 597 : (1994) 7 JT 183 : (1994) 4 SCALE 608 : (1995) 1 SCC 14 : (1994) 4 SCR 528 Supp

In Re: Indian Woman says gang-raped on orders of Village Court published in Business and Financial News, AIR 2014 SC 2816 : (2014) AIRSCW 3483 : (2014) CriLJ 3135 : (2014) 5 JT 118 : (2014) 4 SCALE 237 : (2014) 4 SCC 786

Mohd. Haroon and Others Vs. Union of India (UOI) and Another, (2014) AIRSCW 1925 : (2014) CriLJ 2170 : (2014) 4 JT 361 : (2014) 4 SCALE 86

Savitri Rawat Vs. Govind Singh Rawat, AIR 1986 SC 984 : (1986) CriLJ 41 : (1985) 2 SCALE 697 : (1985) 4 SCC 337 : (1985) 3 SCR 615 Supp

The Chairman, Railway Board and Others Vs. Mrs. Chandrima Das and Others, AIR 2000 SC 988 : (2000) CriLJ 1473 : (2000) 1 JT 426 : (2000) 1 SCALE 279 : (2000) 2 SCC 465 : (2000) 1 SCR 480 : (2000) AIRSCW 649 : (2000) 1 Supreme 265

Union Carbide Corporation Vs. Union of India and others, AIR 1990 SC 273 : (1989) 1 JT 296 : (1989) 2 SCALE 768 : (1989) 1 SCC 674 : (1989) 1 SCR 730 : (1989) 1 UJ 589

Supreme Court Legal Aid Committee Vs. State of Bihar and Others, (1991) ACJ 1034 : (1991) 3 SCC 482

Ankush Shivaji Gaikwad Vs. State of Maharashtra, (2013) 4 ABR 648 : (2013) 9 AD 294 : AIR 2013 SC 2454 : (2013) CriLJ 3044 : (2013) 7 JT 26 : (2013) 2 RCR(Criminal) 1036 : (2013) 6 SCALE 778 : (2013) 6 SCC 770

State of Gujarat and Another Vs. Hon'ble High Court of Gujarat, AIR 1998 SC 3164 : (1998) CriLJ 4561 : (1998) 4 Crimes 12 : (1998) 6 JT 530 : (1998) 5 SCALE 410 : (1998) 7 SCC 392 : (1998) 2 SCR 31 Supp : (1999) 1 UJ 714 : (1998) AIRSCW 3075 : (1998) 7 Supreme 511

Smt. Nilabati Behera alieas Lalita Behera Vs. State of Orissa and others, (1993) ACJ 787 : AIR 1993 SC 1960 : (1993) 76 CLT 98 : (1993) CriLJ 2899 : (1993) 2 JT 503 : (1993) 2 SCALE 309 : (1993) 2 SCC 746 : (1993) 2 SCR 581

State of Rajasthan Vs. Jaggu Ram, AIR 2008 SC 982 : (2008) CriLJ 1039 : (2008) 1 DMC 207 : (2008) 1 JT 199 : (2008) 1 SCALE 22 : (2008) 12 SCC 51 : (2008) AIRSCW 521 : (2008) 1 Supreme 180

Shail Kumari Devi and Another Vs. Krishan Bhagwan Pathak @ Kishun B. Pathak, AIR 2008 SC 3006 : (2008) CriLJ 3881 : (2008) 2 DMC 363 : (2008) 8 JT 227 : (2008) 10 SCALE 602 : (2008) 9 SCC 632 : (2008) AIRSCW 5063

Kewal Pati (Smt) Vs. State of U.P. and Others, (1995) ACJ 859 : (1995) CriLJ 2920 : (1995) 2 Crimes 304 : (1995) 2 SCALE 729 : (1995) 3 SCC 600 : (1995) 3 SCR 207 : (1995) 2 UJ 291

Criminal Law – Murder conviction – Appellant convicted under Section 302 IPC for wife’s murder upheld by High Court – Incident stemmed from sudden quarrel without premeditation – Supreme Court reviewed and applied Exception 4 to Section 300 IPC, altering conviction to culpable homicide not amounting to murder under Section 304 Part II IPC - Appellant to undergo 10 years rigorous imprisonment – Sentences for Section 498A remain unaltered [Paras 1-17]

Sudden Quarrel – Interpretation – Supreme Court emphasized that sudden quarrel occurred without premeditation, resulting in heated exchange leading to the tragic act – Exception 4 to Section 300 IPC applicable when there is no undue advantage or cruelty involved in the act – Altered to culpable homicide [Paras 5-15]

Sentencing – Alteration in conviction due to Exception 4 to Section 300 IPC – No premeditated motive for murder found – Heat of passion and immediate context of quarrel considered for lighter sentencing under Section 304 Part II instead of Section 302 IPC [Paras 14-16]

Referred Cases:

Sukhbir Singh Vs. State of Haryana, AIR 2002 SC 1168

Ghapoo Yadav and Others Vs. State of M.P., AIR 2003 SC 1620

Ankush Shivaji Gaikwad Vs. State of Maharashtra, AIR 2013 SC 2454

Surinder Kumar Vs. Union Territory, Chandigarh, AIR 1989 SC 1094

Mahesh Vs. State of M.P., AIR 1996 SC 3513

Civil Service – Promotion – Appellant Inspector's exclusion from Combined Gradation List despite Tribunal's orders for inclusion – Directed by Tribunal in 1998 for timely preparation of Combined Gradation List and consideration for promotion to Deputy Superintendent of Police – High Court upheld Tribunal's later decision which dismissed further claims by appellant post-retirement, citing lack of actionable grievance due to procedural compliance over substantive rights – Supreme Court reversed, noting continued non-compliance with Tribunal's order affected appellant's rights, resulting in his juniors being promoted over him - Held appellant entitled to notional promotion for pension benefits from date junior was promoted till his retirement. [Paras 3, 4, 6-10]

Administrative Law – Judicial Review – High Court's refusal to engage with substantive injustice due to procedural fulfilment criticized – Supreme Court emphasizes the necessity of actual compliance with judicial directions ensuring fair treatment in administrative promotions – Held procedural adherence does not negate the need to address substantive rights violations in administrative decisions. [Para 9]

Retirement Benefits – Adjusted Promotions – Appellant granted notional promotion to Deputy Superintendent of Police effective from date junior was promoted, impacting pension calculations – Supreme Court mandates recalculation of retirement benefits to reflect higher post from effective date till appellant's retirement. [Para 10]

The Supreme Court's decision underscores the importance of both procedural and substantive justice in administrative actions affecting personnel promotions and emphasizes the need to rectify rights violations even if they emerge after an employee's retirement, ensuring fair recalibration of benefits accrued from rightful promotions.

Referred Cases:

None