Arbitration Law – Interim Relief – Section 9 of the Arbitration Act empowers courts to grant interim measures to secure the amount in dispute in arbitration – The courts are not strictly bound by the provisions of the CPC, but must be guided by the underlying principles of procedural law – A strong prima facie case and balance of convenience in favor of the applicant justify granting interim relief without strict adherence to the technicalities of the CPC [Paras 1-49].

Proof of Intent – While proof of actual attempts to deal with or dispose of the property to defeat the realization of an arbitral award is not necessary, a strong possibility of diminution of assets can suffice – Courts must weigh the consequences of granting or refusing interim relief [Paras 50-51].

Decision – Appeals dismissed – The order directing the appellant to deposit security amounts upheld – No costs [Paras 52-53].

Election Law – False Declaration – Corrupt Practices – The appellant was disqualified for making a false declaration about the assets of her spouse in her election affidavit – The false declaration constitutes a corrupt practice under Section 123 of the Representation of the People Act, 1951, as adopted by Section 39 of the Karnataka Municipal Corporation Act, 1976 – The High Court's decision to set aside the election upheld [Paras 1-76].

Undue Influence – The non-disclosure of assets was deemed as 'undue influence' under Section 123(2) of the Representation of the People Act, 1951, leading to the setting aside of the election for corrupt practices – The principles of transparency and integrity in elections require full disclosure of candidate and spouse assets to prevent undue influence and maintain the purity of elections [Paras 38-55].

Decision – Appeal dismissed – The High Court’s decision affirming the Principal District and Sessions Judge's order to set aside the appellant’s election upheld – No costs [Paras 75-76].

Sports Law – BCCI Constitution – Cooling-off Period – Clause 6(4) – Proposed amendment to limit the cooling-off period to office bearers who complete two consecutive terms at the same level (state association or BCCI) – Amendment accepted with modifications to ensure cooling-off period applies to all office bearers, not just President and Secretary, to prevent monopolization of power and encourage wider participation in administration [Paras 1-16].

Disqualification Criteria – Clause 6(5) – Amendments to modify disqualification criteria for holding office in BCCI – Provisions modified to disqualify individuals only upon conviction and sentencing for criminal offences, rather than merely being charged – Amendment ensures fairness and protects against frivolous prosecutions [Paras 17-19].

Administrative Amendments – Clauses 7(3), 15(3)-(4), 19(2) – Administrative changes to enhance the clarity and functionality of BCCI operations – Amendments accepted to ensure clear delegation of powers and responsibilities among office bearers and management personnel [Paras 20-22].

Decision – Amendments to the BCCI Constitution as proposed in the third column of the tabulated chart accepted – Amendments ensure balance between maintaining organizational integrity and preventing the concentration of power, while accommodating practical needs of sports administration – Proposed deletion of Clause 45 requiring Court's leave for amendments not pressed by BCCI [Paras 23-28].

Criminal Law – Discharge Application – Appellant challenged the dismissal of his application for discharge under Section 227 of the Cr.P.C. – Alleged possession of disproportionate assets during his tenure at BSFC and ONGC – Initial investigation found allegations false but FIR registered 12 years later – Charge sheet filed seven years after FIR registration – Application for discharge dismissed by Special Judge (Vigilance) and High Court – Supreme Court conducted a limited inquiry, found calculation errors in the charge sheet, and ruled that no prima facie case was made out [Paras 1-20].

Procedural Delay – Extended Litigation – Allegations from 1974-1988 led to FIR in 2000, charge sheet in 2007, and protracted litigation – Appellant superannuated in 2010 and continued to contest the case – Supreme Court noted the prolonged duration and deemed the continuation of prosecution unjust apart from being illegal [Paras 19-20].

Legal Principles – Scope of Section 227 of Cr.P.C. – Supreme Court emphasized the necessity of sifting through evidence at the discharge stage – Reiterated that discharge should be granted if there is no sufficient ground for proceeding against the accused based on the material on record [Paras 13-18].

Decision:

Criminal Appeal allowed – Judgments of the High Court of Patna and the Special Judge (Vigilance) set aside – Appellant discharged from the case – No order as to costs.

Criminal Law – Murder of Father – Appellant convicted under Section 302 IPC for patricide committed under the influence of alcohol – Appellant inflicted multiple fatal injuries on the deceased using a wooden piece – Appellant claimed the act was unintentional and due to intoxication – Supreme Court rejected plea for reduction to Section 304 Part-I, upholding conviction under Section 302 IPC, emphasizing brutality and cruelty of the act despite lack of premeditation [Paras 1-24].

Evidence – Nature of Injuries – Eleven injuries inflicted on vital parts of the body, including multiple head injuries, broken sternum and ribs, and severe contusions – Court held that injuries indicated intent to cause death or grievous harm, not protected under Exception 4 of Section 300 IPC [Paras 3, 20-22].

Sentencing – Remission of Sentence – Appellant had already served 12 years of sentence – Supreme Court directed State to consider appellant's case for remission upon completion of mandatory sentence period as per policy [Para 23].

Decision:

Appeal disposed of – Conviction under Section 302 IPC upheld – State directed to consider appellant’s case for remission upon completion of mandatory sentence period – No order as to costs.

Charitable and Religious Endowments – Lease of Agricultural Lands – Appellant challenged the eviction order and sought lease consideration under Rule 15 of the 2003 Rules – High Court upheld statutory cancellation of leases under Section 82 of the 1987 Act – Supreme Court affirmed High Court's decision, finding land to be agricultural and not subject to the 2003 Rules [Paras 1-73].

Statutory Interpretation – Section 82 of 1987 Act – Supreme Court clarified that Section 82(3) and (4) apply only to non-agricultural land – Agricultural lands are subject to automatic lease cancellation under Section 82(1) – Rule 15 of 2003 Rules inapplicable to agricultural lands [Paras 52-56, 72].

Land Use and Classification – Evidence and Findings – Supreme Court examined reports and records, affirming agricultural classification of the land – Reiterated that use for non-agricultural purposes does not alter inherent classification [Paras 29-36, 57-60].

Decision: Appeals dismissed – High Court’s judgments and orders upheld – Leases found statutorily cancelled under Section 82(1) of the 1987 Act – Directions to consider lease under Rule 15 of the 2003 Rules deemed untenable – No order as to costs.

Civil Procedure – Second Appeal – Re-appreciation of Evidence – The High Court's jurisdiction under Section 41 of the Punjab Courts Act does not permit re-appreciation of evidence – Interference is warranted only if the decision is contrary to law, custom, or involves a substantial error or defect in procedure – High Court erred in re-examining findings of fact settled by trial and Appellate Courts [Paras 13-17, 26-33].

Specific Performance – Agreement to Sell – Appellant entered into agreements to sell with respondents, paid a significant portion of the sale price, and was in possession of the property – Respondents attempted to create third-party rights leading to the appellant filing suit – Trial court and Appellate Court decreed specific performance, but High Court erroneously interfered [Paras 18-24, 32].

Legal Principles – Jurisdiction under Section 41 – Supreme Court emphasized the limited scope of interference in second appeals under Section 41 – Findings of fact by lower courts should not be disturbed unless there is a substantial error of law or procedure – High Court's judgment set aside for exceeding this jurisdiction [Paras 15-17, 30].

Decision:

Appeals allowed – High Court's judgments and orders set aside – Judgments and decrees of the trial court and the Appellate Court upheld – Pending applications disposed of – No order as to costs.

Civil Procedure – Suppression of Material Facts – Appellant challenged the Appellate Court’s decree for specific performance on grounds of suppression of earlier suit – Respondents did not disclose the previous suit in the plaint, which was material to the case – Supreme Court held non-disclosure amounted to fraud on the court, rendering the decree void [Paras 1-34].

Specific Performance – Agreement to Sell – Trial court dismissed the suit for specific performance due to suppression of material facts – Appellate Court reversed this decision, decreeing specific performance – High Court upheld the Appellate Court’s decree without addressing the suppression issue – Supreme Court set aside High Court’s judgment, reinstating trial court’s dismissal [Paras 12-34].

Legal Principles – Fraud and Clean Hands – Supreme Court reiterated that parties must approach the court with clean hands and disclose all material facts – Non-disclosure of earlier suit filed and withdrawn without liberty constitutes fraud, vitiating the entire proceedings [Paras 23-25].

Decision: Appeal allowed – Judgment and decree of the High Court and Appellate Court set aside – Judgment of the trial court dismissing the suit for specific performance upheld – No order as to costs.

Constitutional Law – Article 136 – Plea of juvenility under Section 7A of the Juvenile Justice Act, 2000 can be raised at any stage, even after final disposal of the case – Supreme Court emphasized the significance of juvenility claims and the need for appropriate verification, given the potential for juveniles to be wrongfully tried as adults [Paras 1-30].

Juvenile Justice – Determination of Age – Evidence and Procedure – Supreme Court held that while determining the age of the accused, the Court must consider documentary evidence like birth certificates, school records, and in their absence, medical tests – Preference should be given to documents over opinions and medical evidence unless documents are proven fabricated or manipulated [Paras 45-50].

Plea of Juvenility – Importance of Documentary Evidence – The Court highlighted that documentary evidence plays a crucial role in establishing the age of the accused – In cases of conflicting evidence, courts should lean towards recognizing juvenility in borderline cases to uphold the best interests of the child [Paras 45-50].

Decision: Writ Petition allowed – Supreme Court directed the Sessions Court to verify the appellant's age based on documentary evidence and medical examination if necessary – The Sessions Court to determine the appellant's claim of juvenility at the time of the commission of the offence.