Property Law - Tenant holding over after the termination of lease - Applicability of Section 116 of the Transfer of Property Act - Whether notice under Section 106 of the Transfer of Property Act is necessary for eviction against tenant under the Rent Control Act - Supreme Court's clarification on the acceptance of rent after the expiration of the lease term - Tenant continuing without the landlord's consent - Distinction between a tenant holding over with consent and a tenant by sufferance - Protection under Section 116 denied. [Para 10-16]

Decision - The Second Appeal is dismissed, and the Judgment and Decree of the first Appellate Court are set aside - The suit in O.S.No.845 of 1987 stands allowed - Time for handing over possession is four months from the date of the judgment. [Para 17]

Civil Appeal – Demolition Proceedings – Challenge to Judgment and Order: Appellant challenges the judgment and order dated December 8, 2022, which disposed of his writ petition against the initiation of demolition proceedings by Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC) under Section 400(1) of the KMC Act, 1980 concerning premises co-owned by him. The appeal also contests the demolition order dated June 19, 2017, and a notice dated September 20, 2022, under Sections 544 and 546 of the KMC Act for execution of the demolition order. [Para 2, 5, 6]

Service of Notice – Speed Post – Section 557(1) of KMC Act: The appellant contends that the notice for the hearing scheduled on June 15, 2017, sent via speed post, is not a recognized mode of service under Section 557(1) of the KMC Act, which mandates registered post. However, the court finds that speed post is an acceptable mode and the appellant had received and acted upon such notices in earlier stages of the proceedings without objections. [Para 12, 28-30]

Principles of Natural Justice – Opportunity to be Heard: The appellant argues infringement of his constitutional right to be heard due to non-receipt of notice for the hearing on June 15, 2017. The court observes that while Section 400(1) of the KMC Act does not expressly require a personal hearing, in this case, the appellant was offered hearings and had participated in earlier proceedings. The court also references jurisprudence acknowledging that an opportunity to show cause may be satisfied through written representation. [Para 13, 32-34]

Alternative Remedy – Statutory Appeal – Laches: The court notes the appellant’s failure to avail the statutory remedy of appeal before the Municipal Building Tribunal within the prescribed time under the KMC Act, leading to time-barred remedy. The court opines that the writ court should not entertain the application as the appellant allowed the statutory remedy to become time-barred and there’s no provision for condonation of delay in the KMC Act. [Para 35-36]

Decision – Dismissal of Appeal: The court upholds the judgment and order dated December 8, 2022, and the demolition order dated June 19, 2017, emphasizing that the appellant received adequate notice and opportunity to show cause against the demolition proceedings. The appellant’s failure to avail the statutory remedy within the prescribed time frame leads to the dismissal of the appeal. [Implicit from Para 25-36]

Divorce- Family Dispute – Dissolution of Marriage – Allegations of cruelty and counter-allegations – Parties lived separately for an extended period – Examination of evidence – No direct evidence of cruelty – Husband admitted paternity of child born during separation – Repeated complaints to various agencies without justification – Long separation and deprivation of conjugal relationship – Marriage beyond repair – Mental cruelty established. [Para 19-36]

Additional Evidence – Allegation of second marriage by the husband during subsistence of the first marriage – Lack of concrete proof – Subsequent events during the pendency of divorce petition – Husband’s actions cannot be termed cruelty in the circumstances – Consequence of the liaison to be borne by the husband and the woman involved. [Para 33-36]

Maintenance – Prayers for permanent maintenance and rights of the child born from the wedlock – Liberty granted to the appellant to seek recourse under appropriate provisions of law for maintenance of the child. [Para 37]

Decision – Marriage dissolved on grounds of cruelty – Appeal and pending applications disposed of. [Para 38]

Maintenance - Revision petition filed by the petitioner against the order of learned Additional Principal Judge, Family Court, District Uijain - Order dated 16.01.2020 rejecting the application filed by the petitioner under Section 127 of Cr.P.C for reduction in the maintenance amount awarded to respondent/wife and her son - Dispute arising from a matrimonial dispute and maintenance claim. [Para 1-3]

Maintenance Dispute - Petitioner contends that the respondent/wife is highly qualified and capable of maintaining herself but has suppressed her income - Respondent argues that she is entitled to maintenance as per her husband's standard of living - Principles of maintenance law applied. [Para 4-7]

Maintenance Proceedings - Maintenance proceedings under Section 125 of Cr.P.C are for the protection of women and children, and to prevent vagrancy - Hyper-technical approach should not be adopted, and the wife's means at the time of living with her husband are considered. [Para 8-10]

Maintenance Obligation - Husband's capability to earn and maintain his wife and children is a primary consideration, even if he has left his job voluntarily - Liability to provide maintenance remains. [Para 11-12]

Revisional Power - Scope of revisional power of the Court - High Court should not interfere with maintenance orders unless they are manifestly perverse - Reduction in maintenance justified based on proper appreciation of evidence. [Para 17-18]

Decision – The revision petition is dismissed, upholding the Family Court’s order on maintenance. [Para 18]

Service Law - Administrative Tribunal - Challenge to order - Petitioner seeks quashing of order of the Central Administrative Tribunal dismissing his application for absorption as Deputy Superintendent of Police (Dy.SP) in the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) - Petitioner had joined CBI on deputation - Tribunal's order challenged on the grounds of violation of constitutional principles - Petitioner's prayers include quashing the Tribunal's order and CBI's order for his repatriation. [Para 1-30]

Recruitment Rules - Deputation and Absorption - Eligibility of the petitioner for the post of Dy.SP in CBI - The petitioner applied for the post of Dy.SP on deputation/absorption basis in CBI - He participated in the interview process and was appointed as Dy.SP on deputation basis - The petitioner's challenge to his non-appointment on deputation basis in a previous selection was not raised - The Recruitment Rules allowed for filling 10% of the posts of Dy.SP on deputation or absorption basis - The Interview Board found the petitioner fit for deputation but not absorption - No allegations of malafides against the Board members - The petitioner's conduct showed his preference for deputation - The petitioner's claim for absorption cannot be based on a statutory rule and requires concurrence from multiple parties - The maximum period of deputation is five years, and the petitioner had continued for almost ten years - Absorption is a policy matter, but justifiable reasons are required for rejection - The petitioner's absorption was not arbitrary - The petitioner's challenge to the selection process and eligibility criteria was not upheld - The judgment in Kunal Nanda was cited to support the conclusion - The petitioner's non-absorption was consistent with the Recruitment Rules - The judgment in Rameshwar Prasad was cited, emphasizing that justifiable reasons are needed for rejection - The Supreme Court's judgment in V. Ramakrishnan did not apply to the petitioner's case - The petitioner's claim was dismissed. [Para 36-49]

Delay in Filing Written Commercial Suit – Condoning Delay – Defendant's application to condone a delay of more than 120 days in filing a written statement – Defendant's contention that delay should be calculated from the date of receipt of the amended plaint – Court rejects defendant's argument, emphasizing that the defendant failed to file the written statement within the stipulated time frames – Court cites the ratio laid down in SCG Contracts Private Limited vs. K.S. Chamankar Infrastructure Private Limited and Others, stating that no extension of time beyond 120 days can be allowed in the Commercial Division of the Court – Defendant's application for condonation of delay dismissed.

Criminal Appeal – Conviction under IPC and POCSO Act – Appellant convicted of offences under Section(s) 363, 366 IPC, and Section 6 of the POCSO Act – Rigorous imprisonment for 20 years and fine imposed – Concurrent running of sentences – Nature of appeal necessitates careful consideration – Special leave granted. [Para 1-2]

Personal Liberty – Consideration of victim’s destitution and family’s penury – Victim and appellant’s marriage and birth of a child – Complexity of the case warrants a detailed review – Appellant’s plea based on ignorance of the law – Legal context of age of consent laws discussed – Adolescent sexuality and social realities acknowledged – Need for a balanced approach emphasized – Consent laws in relation to rape examined – Conflation of consensual and non-consensual acts highlighted – Applicability of the law to adolescents in non-heteronormative relationships noted – Law disproportionately affecting adolescents in consensual relationships – Vulnerability of adolescents to criminal prosecution under current legal framework discussed – Call for a more nuanced and inclusive approach to adolescent sexuality and consensual relationships – Further consideration of the legal and sociological aspects required. [Para 8-19]

Legal Principle – Ignorance of law is no excuse – Doctrine of "ignorantia juris non excusat" – Applicability to penal law – Ignorance of law does not excuse liability for violating it. [Para 35]

Legal Amendment – Suggestion for a legal amendment to decriminalize consensual sexual acts involving adolescents above 16 years while ensuring protection for all children below 18 years – Emphasis on comprehensive sexual education and access to sexual and reproductive health services for adolescents. [Para 28]

Rights-Based Approach – Emphasis on a rights-based approach for adolescents – Consideration of factors such as best interest, discretion, maturity, and societal impact when conferring rights on adolescents. [Para 29]

Duty/Obligation-Based Approach – Proposal for a duty/obligation-based approach for adolescents – Encouraging responsible behavior, respect for autonomy and dignity, and control over sexual urges. [Para 30]

Education and Awareness – Need for parental guidance, education in schools, and awareness programs to educate adolescents about their rights, responsibilities, and the law – Inclusion of sexuality and life skill education in school curricula. [Para 31]

Balance between protection and evolving autonomy is crucial for adolescents – Current legal framework fails to do so and unjustly conflates consensual acts with sexual abuse – Suggestion for a legal amendment and emphasis on education and awareness programs. [Para 32]

Discretion of Judiciary – Grey area of adolescent consensual sex left to the discretion and wisdom of the judiciary – Acknowledgment of pluralism in judicial decision-making. [Para 33]

Quashing of Offences – Exercise of inherent jurisdiction to quash proceedings or FIRs in cases of non-exploitative consensual sexual relationships between adolescents – Consideration of ground reality, economic conditions, and subsequent developments. [Para 42]

Criminal Appeal – Conviction under POCSO Act – Non-exploitative consensual sexual relationship between adolescents – Lack of evidence to prove kidnapping – Birth of a child during the relationship – Inherent jurisdiction invoked to set aside the conviction – Appeal allowed. [Para 40-47]

Criminal Appeal – Rape Charges – Acquittal by trial court – Prosecution's challenge to acquittal – Prosecution argues that the trial court erred in finding the statements of the prosecutrix and her daughter unbelievable – Scope of re-appreciation of evidence in cases of acquittal discussed – Contradictory statements made by the prosecutrix regarding the role of accused persons – Medical and scientific evidence does not support the allegations of rape – Lack of cogent evidence to prove the case beyond reasonable doubt – Acquittal upheld. [Para 5-18]

Transfer Petition – Section 482 Cr.P.C. – Petition filed for transferring FIR No. 133, dated 10th March 2022, to Central Bureau of Investigation or to a Special Investigation Team under the supervision of a Senior IPS officer. The case involves allegations of crimes punishable under Sections 452, 323, 506, 427, 120-B, 148, and 149 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860. [Para 1]

Legal Abuse and Forum Shopping – Court notes with concern the shocking abuse of the legal process and terms the conduct as beyond mere 'forum shopping.' Petitioner's Trust allegedly faces illegitimate attempts by accused persons to seize property through forgery and frivolous litigation. [Para 2-3]

Civil Court Observations – The Civil Court at Dera Bassi had vacated an ad-interim injunction earlier granted to the accused. The Court found the accused to have not approached the Court with clean hands and noted that they had concealed material facts. [Para 4-5]

Conduct of Legal Practitioners and Judicial Officers – Accused persons, in connivance with respondent No.5, a practicing lawyer, allegedly manipulated the judicial process. Focus is drawn to the role of a specific judicial officer, respondent No.8, and accusations of forum shifting to exert undue pressure on the petitioner. [Para 6-7]

Unrelated Litigations – Respondent No.5 involved in bringing unrelated cases and summoning witnesses in an attempt to influence the main dispute. Cases like ‘Kavita v. Mamta’ and ‘Prabhdeep Singh v. Dalel Singh ASI and others’ highlighted as examples. [Para 8]

Pressure Tactics – Filing of additional cases against the petitioner in the same court, ostensibly to coerce or exert pressure, so as to prevent testimony against the accused persons. [Para 9]

Abuse of Legal Process – Seriousness of abuse in legal process necessitates detailed investigation by an independent agency – Trust in legal systems must be maintained by thwarting misuse. [Para 15]

Constitutional Obligations – High Courts have the power and obligation to protect fundamental rights under Article 21 of the Constitution of India – Extraordinary powers to be used cautiously and sparingly. [Para 16-17]

Investigating Agency – Observations on the shifting stances of the investigating agency underline the need for an independent inquiry – Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) directed to conduct the investigation. [Para 18-19]

Timelines and Court Proceedings – Central Bureau of Investigation directed to conclude investigation preferably within six months – Trial Court proceedings paused until the investigation is complete. [Para 20-21]

Impleadment Application – Accused have no locus in matters of transfer of investigation – Application for impleadment dismissed. [Para 23-25]

Miscellaneous Application – Application dismissed as having been rendered infructuous after the main petition was disposed of. [Para 26]