Criminal Appeal – Anticipatory Bail – Denial of anticipatory bail and direction to surrender before the Court for regular bail – Appellant aggrieved by the High Court’s order – Peculiar nature of the impugned order warranted further consideration – Special leave granted. [Para 1]

Personal Liberty – Importance of personal liberty in the context of applying discretion to grant bail – Emphasis on granting bail ordinarily, with caution in serious cases involving offences carrying long sentences or special offences. [Para 9]

Arrest – Power to arrest not mandatory in every case – Arrest to be made only when essential for custodial investigation, preventing further offences, or avoiding tampering with evidence or witnesses – Courts to consider Section 41A of the CrPC in this regard. [Para 10]

Land Dispute – Validity of Registered Sale Deed – Ownership Dispute – Certification of Mutation Entry – Scope of Writ Jurisdiction – Detailed analysis of facts and legal issues surrounding a dispute over land ownership and the validity of a registered Sale Deed – Court emphasizes the clarity in description of the conveyed land in the Sale Deed – Mutation entry and division of survey No. 233 – Previous Civil Suit No. 238 of 2000 – Court’s examination of the basis and circumstances of mutation entry No. 1802 – Writ Petition No. 9127 of 2005 – Court’s observations on the limited scope of the dispute – Setting aside of the Additional Commissioner’s order – Importance of clear description in registered instruments – Court’s emphasis on seeking remedies before the Civil Court – Upholding substantive justice over technicalities – Petition allowed, impugned order quashed, and mutation entry No. 8744 restored – Parties given option to seek remedies in the Civil Court – All parties’ contentions kept open for consideration in future proceedings. [Para 16-31]

Criminal Appeal – Murder – Appellants challenging their conviction under Sections 302, 323, 504, and 149 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) – Analysis of ocular account – Principles for appreciating ocular evidence – Consistency of witness statements – Medical evidence corroborating ocular account – Recovery of weapons – Application of Section 149 of IPC – Conviction upheld for some appellants while acquittal for others – Appeal dismissed. [Para 23-37]

Witness Testimonies – Ocular Account – Examination of PW3 Vilas, PW4 Shubham, and PW5 Arun – Consistency in narrating the occurrence – Role of each accused distinctly brought on record – Deceased’s visit to the house of accused, subsequent altercation, and assault established – Presence of accused members confirmed by multiple witnesses – Reliability of ocular account established. [Para 25-26]

Role of Accused – Identification of roles attributed to appellants – Appellant accused no.3 Rushi implicated in stabbing with knife – Intent of murderous assault confirmed – Appellant accused no.1 Rama attributed with using sword, but injury at ankle not indicative of intent to commit murder – Role of each accused assessed based on evidence – Acquittal of accused no.2 Digambar due to lack of evidence – Conviction upheld for appellant accused no.3 Rushi, others for Section 323 of IPC. [Para 27-34]

Principles for Appreciating Ocular Evidence – Supreme Court guidelines for assessing witness testimony – Ring of truth in evidence – Scrutiny of deficiencies and infirmities – Weight attached to trial court’s evaluation – Minor discrepancies not leading to rejection of evidence – Consideration of witness’s mental faculties and powers of observation – Impact of overawing or nervousness – Evaluation of former inconsistent statements – Reliability of ocular evidence affirmed. [Para 25]

Objections – Challenge to the FIR and recovery of weapons – Failure to name accused in initial FIR – Elderly witness’s perspective and trauma – Incomplete FIR not discrediting overall evidence – Scrutiny of recovery process – Doubts about sword recovery – Confirmation of knife recovery through Investigating Officer – Scientific evidence linking weapons to deceased – Rejection of objections. [Para 30-32]

Section 149 IPC – Doubts about invoking Section 149 – Lack of evidence for an unlawful assembly – Sequence of events and witness accounts – Appellant’s individual actions not necessarily forming an unlawful assembly – Charge under Section 149 not established – Conviction based on individual roles upheld. [Para 33]

Conclusion – Appeals dismissed – Conviction upheld for appellant accused no.3 Rushi for murder – Acquittal of appellant accused no.2 Digambar – Conviction upheld for appellant accused no.1 Rama, accused no.4 Jyoti, and accused no.5 Rani under Section 323 of IPC – Trial court’s judgment maintained. [Para 35-37]

Eviction Petition - Concealment of Vital Facts - Jurisdiction under Article 227 of the Constitution of India - The present revision petition challenges the order dated 04.08.2022 passed by the Civil Judge (Junior Division), Ferozepur, dismissing the objections filed by the petitioner and issuing warrants of possession in favor of the respondent-decree holder. [Para 1]

Importance of Full Disclosure - The petitioner concealed the fact of filing a Special Leave Petition before the Supreme Court and the subsequent withdrawal after addressing arguments. The petitioner also failed to disclose the judgment dated 14.10.2021 by the Civil Judge (Jr. Division), Ferozepur, declaring the sale deed as illegal. Such concealment constitutes an attempt to deceive and mislead the court, which is frowned upon. Litigants withholding vital documents to gain an advantage are guilty of playing fraud on the court and the opposite party. The obligation to approach the court with clean hands is absolute. [Para 11]

No Entitlement to Relief - Due to the petitioner's concealment of vital facts, the court refused to entertain the merits of the case. The petitioner was disentitled to any relief. The court cited legal precedent that litigants concealing facts from the court are not entitled to be heard on the merits of the case and should not receive any relief. [Para 12]

Conclusion - The court dismissed the revision petition due to the petitioner's concealment of vital facts and unclean hands, emphasizing that litigants attempting to deceive the court should not be entitled to relief. The petitioner was imposed with exemplary costs and was directed to deposit the costs within a specified timeframe. [Para 13]

Criminal Revision - Illegal Transfer and Trial - Disproportionate Assets Case - Administrative Transfer of Case - Acquittal - Violation of Legal Procedures - High Court's Intervention - Powers under Article 227 of the Constitution and Sections 397/401 of Cr.P.C - Setting aside illegal transfer and proceedings - Importance of Maintaining Judicial Integrity and Preventing Miscarriage of Justice. [Para 1]

Procedural Irregularities - Administrative Transfer - Criminal Case - District Transfer via Administrative Note - Lack of Legal Authority - Illegality of Transfer - Powers of Chief Justice - Importance of Transfer Powers by Full Court - Powers of Administrative Judges in Transferring Cases Questioned. [Para 2-3]

Judicial Supervision - Chief Justice's Role - Master of the Roster - Administrative Control - Transfer of Criminal Case - Lack of Authority to Transfer Cases Between Districts - Legal Jurisdiction under Section 407 Cr.P.C and Article 227 - Power Vested in Full Court - Absence of Individual Judge's Authority in Transferring Cases. [Para 4-6]

Role of High Court - Preventing Miscarriage of Justice - Setting Right Illegality - Powers under Article 227 and Sections 397/401 of Cr.P.C - Duty to Maintain Judicial Integrity - Public Confidence in Justice System - Reference to Relevant Judicial Precedents and Legal Principles. [Para 22-23]

Judgment Setting Aside Transfer and Proceedings - Direction to Return Case to Original District - Emphasis on Legal Procedures and Principles - Judicial Integrity and Public Trust in Justice System Highlighted. [Para 24]

Civil Writ Petition – Rejection of candidates in recruitment process – Parameters of Physical Standard Test (PST) – Chest measurement criteria for female candidates – Petitioners challenging rejection – Medical Board constituted to measure chest – Measurements provided for each petitioner – Petitioners failing to meet parameters – Court expressing concern over the parameters set for determining physical standards, particularly for female candidates – Arbitrary and violative of women’s dignity and privacy – Recommendations for reevaluation of criteria. [Para 1-15]

Eviction - Concealment of Facts - Revision Petition - Petitioner challenged eviction order citing non-ownership by respondent - Held, Petitioner concealed filing and withdrawal of SLP before Apex Court - Petitioner's unclean hands disentitled him from relief - Revision Petition dismissed with exemplary costs of Rs.1,00,000 for non-disclosure of material facts [Paras 12, 13].

Judicial Conduct - Analysis - Held, Litigants must fully disclose all relevant facts - Concealment to gain advantage amounts to misleading the court - Petitioner's failure to disclose SLP withdrawal and judgment regarding ownership deemed intentional deception [Para 13].

Decision - Dismissal and Exemplary Costs - Court dismisses the revision petition, imposing exemplary costs for abuse of judicial process and intentional concealment of material facts, to be deposited in the High Court Legal Services Committee [Para 14].

Criminal Law - Framing of Charge - Revision Petition - Challenge to order framing charge under Section 188 IPC - Petitioner accused of violating public order during Covid, granted permission by Assistant Agriculture Engineer for agricultural purposes - Held, Cognizance of offence under Section 188 IPC barred except on a written complaint by a public servant - FIR and subsequent charge framing invalid - Revision Petition Allowed, order framing charge quashed [Paras 11-13].

Jurisdiction of Magistrate - Analysis - Held, Jurisdiction of the Court to take cognizance of offence under Section 188 IPC is barred except on a complaint in writing by the concerned public servant - Non-compliance with this mandatory provision vitiates the prosecution - Magistrate's action deemed improper [Para 11].

Decision - Quashing of Charge - Court quashes the order framing charge against the petitioner under Section 188 IPC, directing compliance with statutory requirements [Para 13].

Criminal Law - Surety’s Liability - Appeal - Appeal against orders imposing a fine of Rs.1 lac on surety due to the non-appearance of the accused - Held, Fine must be proportionate to the circumstances, inconvenience to the court, and expense in re-apprehending the accused - Appellant, who facilitated the re-arrest of the accused, deserves reduction in penalty - Appeal Partly Allowed, fine reduced to 50% of the surety amount [Paras 7-10].

Discretionary Power of Court - Analysis - Held, Section 446(3) Cr.P.C. provides the court discretion to remit part of the penalty for sufficient cause - Appellant’s active role in securing the accused’s re-arrest considered - No allegation of connivance with the accused [Para 7].

Decision - Reduction of Penalty - Court modifies the impugned orders, reducing the penalty to 50% of the surety amount, directing appellant to deposit Rs.50,000/- before the Trial Court [Para 10].

Criminal Bail Application – Offences under Section 121-A and 153-A IPC read with Section 66 of the IT Act – Applicant seeking bail – Allegations of forming a WhatsApp group spreading jihadi literature and videos – Applicant charged with being the administrator of the group and promoting anti-India sentiments – Applicant’s association with foreign members and acquisition of arms alleged – Bail application challenged by the State – Whether offences are prima facie made out – Interpretation of Section 121-A IPC – Right to practice religion and propagate – Gravity of allegations – Bail denied. [Para 1]

Conspiracy to Commit Offences – Offence under Section 121-A IPC – Overawing Central or State Government by criminal force – Punishment of imprisonment for life or up to ten years – Applicant alleged to be administrator of two WhatsApp groups with foreign members promoting arms acquisition and religious prejudices – Gravity of allegations indicating potential conspiracy – Bail application rejected due to the seriousness of the charges. [Para 7]

Religious Freedom vs. Criminal Conspiracy – Right to practice and propagate religion under Article 19 – Allegations involving promotion of religious prejudices and acquisition of arms – Balance between religious freedoms and potential threat to public order – Second part of Section 121-A IPC deemed to be made out – Bail denied due to the weight of allegations and potential gravity of the conspiracy. [Para 7]

Conclusion – Bail application rejected – Seriousness of allegations of forming jihadi WhatsApp group with foreign members promoting arms acquisition and religious prejudices – Applicant’s association with the group and potential conspiracy deemed prima facie – Bail denied due to potential threat to public order and gravity of the offence. [Para 8]