Administrative Law – Allotment of Government Accommodation – Writ of Mandamus – Petitioner, a National Political Party, sought a temporary housing unit from GPRA for office use until the allotment and construction of a permanent office. Respondents denied the request, citing acute shortage of GPRA accommodations and previous offers of alternate land. Held – National Political Parties are entitled to secure allotment of one housing unit from GPRA for a period of three years during which they are to construct a permanent office. Respondents directed to reconsider the request of the Petitioner and provide a detailed order within six weeks. [Paras 1-15]

Right to Temporary Office Space for National Political Parties – Analysis – Petitioner recognized as a National Party and thus entitled to temporary accommodation under the Compendium of the Allotment of Government Residences Rules. Previous offers of non-central land not relevant to temporary accommodation entitlement. The acute shortage of GPRA cannot be sole reason for denial. [Paras 12-14]

Decision – Grant of Temporary Accommodation – Court directed Respondents to reconsider and decide the Petitioner’s request for temporary office accommodation from GPRA within six weeks, ensuring detailed reasons are provided if denied. [Paras 14-15]

Adoption Law – Legal Heirship – Challenge to cancellation of relationship certificate – Revenue Divisional Officer set aside the certificate issued by Tahsildar and ordered fresh enquiry – Petitioner contends severance of ties with biological family upon adoption under Section 12 of Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act, 1956 – Adoption legally severs ties with biological family, replacing them with adoptive family [Paras 1-6].

Legal Provisions – Section 12 of Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act, 1956 – Adoption results in severance of all ties with biological family – Adopted child becomes legal heir in adoptive family – Previous legal heirship certificate rightly issued by Tahsildar in favor of petitioner – Respondent’s order contravenes statutory provision [Paras 4-6].

Decision – Writ Petition Allowed – Held – Order by Revenue Divisional Officer dated 31.12.2020 quashed – Legal heirship certificate re-affirmed – Court emphasizes compliance with Section 12 of Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act, 1956, ensuring legal ties and rights in adoptive family [Para 6].

Compensation Recovery – Land Acquisition – Petitioners directed to refund compensation for acquired land under National Highways Act – Land disputed and interim order from Supreme Court regarding partition suit – Affidavit from predecessor claiming no objection to compensation, later denied by same predecessor – Orders for refund challenged [Paras 1-14].

Partition and Title Disputes – Ancestral Property – Ongoing litigation about partition and title of land – Sale deed executed by predecessor in interest challenged in civil suit – Title of petitioners under cloud due to disputes, co-sharers entitled to share of compensation [Paras 10-17].

Procedure under National Highways Act – Sections 3H(3) and 3H(4) – Authorities required to determine rightful claimants of compensation or refer dispute to civil court – Entire compensation wrongly paid to petitioners – Correction of mistake by Competent Authority justified [Paras 15-18].

Decision: Writ petition dismissed – Competent Authority’s direction to refund compensation upheld – Authorities to follow due process under National Highways Act for apportionment of compensation among co-sharers.
 

Administrative Law – Regularization of Temporary Employees – Tribunal ordered to prioritize candidates from the ranked list for engagement on a temporary basis – Directions challenged on grounds of violating Supreme Court's dicta on regularization (Uma Devi case) – Tribunal’s order found non-maintainable due to lack of affected parties' participation – Kerala High Court emphasized that advice for vacancies cannot be made post ranked list expiry – Tribunal’s unauthorized relief criticized – Relief granted only within the scope of original prayers [Paras 1-7, 29-33].

Public Employment – Reporting of Vacancies – Kerala Public Service Commission directed to advise candidates for all reported vacancies before the ranked list expiry – High Court supported Tribunal’s interim order directing the report of substantial vacancies – Emphasized adherence to procedural norms in public employment [Paras 6, 31-32].

Judicial Review – Scope of Relief – High Court scrutinized Tribunal's jurisdiction in granting relief beyond the scope of original petitions – Reiterated importance of judicial restraint and adherence to established procedural norms – Highlighted the necessity of having all affected parties in judicial proceedings for valid adjudication [Paras 4, 7-8, 33-34].

Decision: Petitions by applicants: Dismissed due to expiry of ranked list and non-maintainability of challenge against regularization.
Petitions by KPSC and Government: Allowed. Relief granted by Tribunal set aside due to lack of prayer in original petitions.
 

Anticipatory Bail – Parity Principle – Applicant seeking anticipatory bail on grounds of parity with co-accused granted bail – Co-accused granted bail for similar offenses and under similar circumstances – Trial court failed to provide distinguishing reasons for denial of bail to applicant [Paras 5-8].

Consistency in Judicial Decisions – Judicial Officer’s failure to maintain consistency in orders concerning anticipatory bail – Subsequent orders must align with earlier orders in identical circumstances or provide sufficient reasons for deviation – Inconsistent orders undermine public confidence in judicial process [Paras 24-28, 35-36].

Section 438 Cr.P.C. – Applicability – Applicant not named in the FIR and no specific role assigned – Entitled to anticipatory bail considering absence of criminal antecedents, non-arrest during investigation, and reliance on Supreme Court precedents promoting bail as a matter of course where circumstances permit [Paras 10, 44-46].

Decision – Anticipatory Bail Granted – Held – Applicant to be released on anticipatory bail till conclusion of trial upon fulfilling stipulated conditions to ensure cooperation with investigation and trial processes [Paras 47-49].

Criminal Law – Murder and Common Intention – Sections 341, 302, 34 IPC – Appeal against conviction – Prosecution’s case that accused, in furtherance of their common intention, committed the murder of Baiju due to a prior altercation – Trial court convicted A1, A2, and A3 while A4 was acquitted – High Court finds evidence insufficient to prove common intention by A2 and A3 – Conviction of A1 under Section 302 IPC confirmed – Conviction of A2 and A3 set aside, they are acquitted. [Paras 1-25]

Criminal Law – Evidence – Eye-Witness Testimony – Consistency – PWs 1, 2, and 3 consistently identified A1 as the assailant who inflicted the fatal stab wound – Minor discrepancies in their testimonies regarding ancillary details do not discredit core allegations – Held, evidence credible and reliable in implicating A1 – Insufficient evidence to prove that A2 and A3 shared the common intention to commit the murder. [Paras 10-13, 18-23]

Criminal Law – Motive – Evaluation – Motive for the crime established as an altercation between A1 and the deceased over the former’s conduct of making PW1 consume liquor – Evidence shows A1 had motive – Insufficient evidence to suggest motive or participation of A2 and A3 in the common intention. [Paras 16-17]

Criminal Procedure – Juvenile Claim – Evaluation – A3’s claim of being a juvenile at the time of the crime found unnecessary to probe further as he was acquitted on grounds of insufficient evidence regarding common intention. [Para 25]

Decision – Conviction and Sentence – Court upholds conviction and life sentence of A1 under Section 302 IPC – A2 and A3 acquitted due to lack of evidence of shared common intention – Prosecution failed to prove beyond reasonable doubt that A2 and A3 shared a common intention with A1 to murder Baiju – Appeals by A2 and A3 allowed, conviction and sentence set aside. [Paras 24-25]

Delay in Deciding Bail Application – Applicant argued undue delay in deciding bail application, alleging 40 listings without decision – Court found majority of delays due to multiple interim applications filed by the applicant for medical relief and treatment – No merit in argument attributing delay to court proceedings [Paras 20-31].

Principles Governing Grant of Bail – Reviewed legal principles for grant of bail, including factors such as nature of accusations, severity of punishment, risk of absconding, potential for evidence tampering, and threat to witnesses – Noted seriousness of economic offences and their impact on society [Paras 32-35].

Role of Applicant – Applicant was named in FIR and alleged to be part of criminal conspiracy involving framing and implementation of Excise Policy – Played key role in meetings and transactions facilitating the conspiracy – Issued additional credit notes without manufacturer's authorization, generating illicit funds [Paras 36-52].

Recovery of Incriminating Documents – Confidential documents related to policy formulation found in applicant’s possession during searches – Indicative of involvement in conspiracy [Paras 53-55].

Whistleblower Argument – Applicant claimed to be whistleblower – Court found no evidence supporting this claim – Statements of other witnesses and actions contradict the whistleblower narrative [Paras 56-60].

Triple Test for Bail – Considered flight risk, potential for evidence tampering, and influence on witnesses – Applicant involved in bribery case to influence investigation – Seriousness of allegations and potential impact on investigation justified denial of bail [Paras 61-67].

Decision:Bail application dismissed – Court found sufficient prima facie evidence supporting applicant’s involvement in conspiracy – Concerns over influencing witnesses and tampering with evidence reinforced decision – No grounds for bail at this stage [Paras 69-71].

Negotiable Instruments – Dishonor of Cheque – Petitioner accused of issuing a cheque for Rs.2,00,000/- which was dishonored due to insufficient funds – Conviction under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act confirmed by both the Trial Court and the First Appellate Court – Revision petition filed on grounds of misappreciation of evidence and excessive fine imposed [Paras 1-13].

Legal Presumption – Burden of Proof – Initial burden of proof under Section 138 discharged by the complainant – Accused failed to provide rebuttal evidence to counter the presumption of debt or liability – Defence of misuse of cheque unsupported by evidence or actions like filing a complaint [Paras 14-20].

Quantum of Sentence – Excessive Fine – Trial Court imposed a fine exceeding the permissible limit under the Act – Both the Trial Court and the First Appellate Court misdirected on the quantum of fine – Fine reduced from Rs.4,30,000/- to Rs.3,25,000/- – Order to pay Rs.30,000/- as defraying expenses to the State set aside [Paras 23-30].

Decision – Revision Petition Partly Allowed – Conviction maintained but fine amount reduced – Fine to be paid by 10.07.2024, with failure resulting in six months’ simple imprisonment – Entire fine amount to be paid as compensation to the complainant [Para 31].

Juvenile Justice – Bail Application – Applicant was a juvenile at the time of the incident – Challenged denial of bail by the Juvenile Justice Board and appellate court – Court highlighted that the gravity of the offense is not a ground to refuse bail under Section 12(1) of the Juvenile Justice Act – Bail granted [Paras 6-10].

Conditions for Bail under Juvenile Justice Act – Court must ensure that the release of the juvenile does not bring them into association with criminals, expose them to danger, or defeat the ends of justice – Observations from the DPO report and the lack of criminal history supported bail – Court emphasized the need for a reasoned decision aligned with the statutory requirements [Paras 7-9].

Decision – Criminal Revision Allowed – Orders denying bail set aside – Applicant to be released on bail with conditions to ensure compliance and attendance in court [Para 10-11].