Factual Background – Complaints were made by the petitioner under Sections 498A and 406 IPC against her husband and in-laws, alleging severe demands for dowry and subsequent physical and mental cruelty after her marriage in 1998 – The FIR was filed in December 2002 and charge-sheet filed in July 2004 – Magistrate took cognizance on the same day the charge-sheet was filed [Paras 2-3].

Quashing of Cognizance under Limitation Period – Criminal Miscellaneous Case – Delhi High Court sets aside Sessions Court judgment – Accused discharged from charges under Section 498A/34 IPC challenged – Held, the cognizance was not time-barred; period calculated from the date of filing the complaint, not the date of cognizance by the Magistrate – Following Supreme Court precedents, cognizance by Magistrate under Sections 498A/406 IPC valid despite delay in FIR registration. [Paras 12-18]

Role of Police Officer as Complainant – Analyzing bias against police officers in domestic violence cases – Held, the status of a complainant as a police officer does not negate the possibility of being a victim of domestic violence; stereotypes about professional toughness dismissed – Importance of impartial judicial assessment without bias reiterated. [Paras 24-30]

Gender Neutrality in Judicial Decision-Making – Discussed the need for gender neutrality in judiciary – Highlighted the misconception that women in authoritative roles cannot be victims of domestic abuse – Emphasized on judicial education to combat hidden biases and uphold gender neutrality in legal proceedings. [Paras 31-36]

Decision – Reinstatement of Charges – Delhi High Court reverses Session Court’s discharge of accused – Cognizance of charges under Sections 498A/34 IPC upheld – Case remanded back to the trial court for continuation of proceedings. [Paras 45-49]

Criminal Procedure - Bail Application – Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 – Application of Section 439 CrPC - The accused applied for bail under Section 439 of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973, in connection with offences under Sections 22(c) and 29 of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985. Applications were consolidated due to arising from the same crime. [Para 1]

Prosecution Allegations – Possession of Contraband – MDMA and Methamphetamine – Accusations against the accused included possession of 499.28 grams of MDMA, later identified as Methamphetamine, a commercial quantity of contraband, seized during a vehicle interception by the authorities. [Para 2, 6]

Defence Contentions – Violation of NDPS Act Provisions and Rules, Prejudice Due to Delay in Sample Analysis – Defence argued innocence and false implication, highlighting procedural violations in the seizure and analysis of contraband under the NDPS Act and related Rules, specifically pointing out delay in forwarding samples to the laboratory, causing prejudice to the accused. [Para 4, 11]

Prosecution's Argument – Substance as Commercial Quantity, Compliance with NDPS Act Requirements – Prosecution contended the involvement of the accused, citing the commercial quantity of the contraband and compliance with procedural requirements under the NDPS Act. Reliance was placed on Supreme Court and High Court precedents emphasizing the irrelevance of detention length in NDPS cases. [Para 5]

Judicial Analysis – Consideration of Rule Violations, Application of Section 37 of NDPS Act – The court noted the allegation of rule violations, but maintained that determination of procedural compliance and resulting prejudice was a matter for trial. The focus was on the applicability of Section 37 of the NDPS Act due to the commercial quantity of the contraband. [Para 7-15]

Decision – Denial of Bail, Application of Section 37 Rigours – Bail was denied considering the nature and gravity of the offence, the commercial quantity of the contraband, and the applicability of Section 37 of the NDPS Act. The court found no reasonable grounds to believe that the petitioners had not committed the alleged offences and noted the potential risk of repetition of offences. [Para 16-21]

Quashing of FIR and Criminal Proceedings – Petition filed under Section 482 of Cr.P.C. for quashing FIR lodged at Crime No.999 of 2018 under Sections 498A, 323, 506, 34, 325, and 313 of IPC after mutual divorce settlement – Involves matrimonial dispute between petitioners and respondent no. 2, leading to various legal proceedings and eventual mutual divorce [Paras 2, 4-5].

Matrimonial Dispute and Legal Proceedings – Marriage of petitioner no. 1 and respondent no. 2 led to disputes and numerous cases, including divorce petitions, maintenance claims, domestic violence allegations, and eventual mutual divorce decree [Para 4].

Agreement and Settlement in Mutual Divorce – As per divorce settlement, respondent no. 2 agreed to withdraw all cases post receiving Rs. 50 lakhs, but did not withdraw the present case, leading to this petition [Paras 5, 12-13].

Allegation of Illegal Abortion – Charges under Section 313 of IPC for alleged illegal abortion, based on Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) report from Bombay Hospital, challenged as being falsely implicated [Paras 6-7, 14-15].

Abuse of Legal Process – Allegations of misuse of the legal process by respondent no. 2, holding the case as a tool of harassment against petitioners [Paras 16, 18, 20].

Court's Observation – Court noted misuse of the legal process, no substantiation for Section 313 IPC charge, and deliberate non-withdrawal of the case by respondent no. 2 despite mutual divorce settlement [Paras 14-16, 19-20].

Decision – Court allowed both petitions, quashed FIR, and subsequent criminal proceedings; imposed costs of Rs. 1 lakh on respondent no. 2 for misuse of court's process, to be paid to petitioner no. 1 [Paras 20-21

Criminal Law – Money Laundering – Bail Application – Applicant Sanjay Kansal, involved in creating fictitious firms and facilitating bogus transactions leading to siphoning of funds from a bank loan received by M/s SBBEL – Arrested under ECIR for money laundering, with allegations of being instrumental in bogus sales and purchases totaling significant amounts – Applicant not a key managerial person but alleged to have acted under the direction of relatives who were the main accused – Prosecution based on statements under Section 50 PMLA, which applicant claims were manipulated – Various similarly placed co-accused not arrested, raising issues of parity – Bail granted based on the lack of direct evidence of applicant’s knowledge or intent to launder money, his role in the company, and judicial discretion under PMLA regarding bail conditions. [Para 1-35]

Summoning - Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940, Section 28 - Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, Sections 468, 469 - Offence punishable under - Maximum punishment - Imposition of sentence - Scope of - Whether, in a case where an offence is punishable under Section 28 of the Drugs Act with a maximum imprisonment for a term of one year, the Court can take cognizance of the offence beyond the period of limitation prescribed under Section 468 of the Cr.P.C. - Held, no - Once the report of the Government Analyst was received by the respondent, the complaint filed after the expiry of the period of limitation was clearly barred by limitation - Summoning order passed by the Additional Sessions Judge, Sirsa against the petitioner was beyond jurisdiction - Criminal proceedings rendered unsustainable . (para 9, 10)

Amendment of complaint - Maintaining a criminal complaint against a company without impleading its authorized representative - Whether permissible - Held, maintaining criminal proceedings against the company only, when sentence of imprisonment cannot be imposed on the juristic person, is an exercise in futility - Application seeking impleadment through amendment doubted for its maintainability. (para 11)

Limitation - Commencement of the period of limitation - Report of the Laboratory - Whether the limitation for filing a complaint commences from the date of receipt of the report of the Central Insecticide Testing Laboratory or from the date of the report received from the competent authority – Held - the limitation commences from the date of the offence alleged to have been committed - The report received from the competent authority cannot be the basis for the commencement of limitation. (para 8)

Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 - Sections 468, 469 - Offences under Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 - Limitation for taking cognizance of offence - Whether the period of limitation should be computed from the date of the offence or from the date of receipt of the report or from the date of knowledge of the commission of offence – Held - the period of limitation should be computed from the date of the offence alleged to have been committed - The date of receipt of the report or the date of knowledge of the commission of offence are relevant only when the date of the offence is not known to the person aggrieved or the police officer. (para 8)

Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 (POCSO Act) – Section 19 read with Section 21 – Override of restrictions imposed under Section 198(1) read with Section 198(3) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (Cr.P.C) – Declaration by the court – Court declares that Section 19 read with Section 21 of the POCSO Act shall override the restrictions imposed by Section 198(1) read with Section 198(3) of the Cr.P.C – POCSO Act being a special law dealing with sexual abuse and exploitation of children prevails over the general law (Cr.P.C) to the extent dealt with.

Marital rape of minor victims – Limitation period for filing a complaint – Extension of limitation period – Court’s observations – The court clarifies that Section 3(3) of the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 (PCM Act) dealing with voidability of child marriage does not extend the limitation period for filing complaints in cases of rape of minor children who are married – However, Section 472 and Section 473 of the Cr.P.C empower the courts to extend the period of limitation if necessary or if the delay has been properly explained.

Relevant legal provisions – Doctrine of harmonious construction – In cases where a general law and a special law cover the same subject matter, the special law prevails over the general law to the extent dealt with – Principle of lex specialis derogat legi generali applied

Criminal Law – Quashing of FIR – Petition dismissed –

Petitioner charged under Sections 376 and 506 IPC and Sections 3 and 5(1) of the U.P. Prohibition of Unlawful Religious Conversion Act, 2021 – Allegations include stalking, rape, and forced conversion – Court declines to interfere with investigation given serious allegations and legislative intent to curtail societal malady [Paras 1-10].

Unlawful Religious Conversion – Legislative Purpose –

U.P. Prohibition of Unlawful Religious Conversion Act, 2021 emphasized – New statute addressing societal issues – Court notes frequent interference in initial stages would undermine legislation’s purpose [Paras 8-9].

Decision – Writ Petition Dismissed –

Court finds no grounds to interfere with FIR – Petition fails – Legislative intent and societal context considered significant in decision [Para 10].