Succession – Inheritance Rights of Daughters from First Marriage – Plaintiff claimed title to deceased father's estate as daughter of first wife – Mutation dated 17.05.1954 recorded in favour of children from second wife excluding plaintiffs – Trial Court and First Appellate Court dismissed suit citing lack of proof and limitation – Held: Plaintiffs successfully proved relationship through oral evidence under Section 50 of Evidence Act – Mutation in favour of defendants alone held illegal – Plaintiffs entitled to share in estate of Jai Ram equally with children from second marriage.

Evidence Act – Section 50 – Proof of Relationship – Oral testimony of witnesses who identified plaintiffs as daughters of Jai Ram and Tulsa held sufficient – Cross-examination confirmed long-standing recognition of family ties – Courts below erred in selective reading of evidence – Entire cross-examination must be appreciated holistically – Failure to do so amounts to perversity in findings.

Limitation – Suit for Declaration of Inheritance – Article 59 of Limitation Act – Courts below wrongly held suit barred by limitation – Held: No limitation applies to claim inheritance under settled law – Plaintiffs pleaded they acquired knowledge of mutation only in May 2003 and suit was filed in October 2003 – Suit held to be within time.

Inheritance Law – Applicability of Hindu Laws – Court held that once factum of first marriage and birth of daughters is established, plaintiffs are entitled to claim inheritance under general Hindu law – Hindu Women’s Right to Property Act, 1937 not applicable – Succession must include both branches of family .

Appellate Powers – Duty of Appellate Court – Held: Lower appellate court as final court of facts and law must reappreciate evidence in full – Failure to consider entire testimony including cross-examination amounts to abdication of judicial duty – Findings perverse and unsustainable.

Decision: Second appeal allowed – Judgments and decrees of both courts below set aside – Suit decreed in favour of plaintiffs – Mutation No. 457 dated 17.05.1954 set aside as illegal, null and void – Plaintiffs declared entitled to equal share in estate of Jai Ram alongside children from second marriage – Decree to be drawn accordingly.

Land Law – Resumption of Plot – Power of Resumption – Petition against resumption of booth site due to default in installment payments – Petitioner paid 25% of auction price and three installments – Additional Rs. 1 lakh deposited between 1996-1997 – HUDA resumed booth in 2001 citing default – High Court holds power of resumption as ultimate civil sanction, to be used as last resort – Resumption order quashed due to failure to consider partial payments and determine wilfulness of default – Writ petition allowed, booth restored. [Paras 1-11]

Urban Development – Clause 8 of Allotment Letter – Section 17 HUDA Act – Resumption power must be exercised with caution – Estate Officer obligated to assess breach of terms and conditions including wilfulness of default – Failure to credit partial payments and perfunctory resumption order render action unsustainable – Court directs restoration of booth site with adjustment of amounts deposited. [Paras 5-10]

Decision – Quashing of Resumption Order – High Court quashes resumption order and related appellate and revisional orders – Orders restoration of booth site to petitioner – Allows respondents to levy interest and penalty per law, excluding extension fee for resumed period – Emphasizes procedural fairness and caution in exercising resumption powers. [Para 11]

Criminal Law – Dowry Death – Appeal against conviction under Sections 304-B, 201 IPC – Prosecution based on complaint by father of deceased (Bhateri) alleging dowry demand by husband and in-laws – Deceased died within seven years of marriage – Evidence showed continuous harassment for dowry by husband, leading to unnatural death – Appellants (mother-in-law and father-in-law) acquitted due to lack of specific evidence linking them to dowry demands or harassment – Conviction of husband upheld based on evidence of direct involvement in harassment and dowry demands – High Court emphasizes need for proximity between dowry demand and death for conviction under Section 304-B IPC. [Paras 1-28]

Evidence Law – Presumption under Section 113-B – Presumption of dowry death arises when it is shown that soon before her death, the deceased was subjected to cruelty or harassment for dowry – High Court upholds presumption against husband but not against in-laws due to insufficient direct evidence – Emphasizes importance of specific and credible evidence for invoking presumption. [Paras 23, 25]

Decision – Acquittal and Conviction – High Court acquits mother-in-law and father-in-law due to lack of evidence of direct involvement – Conviction of husband for dowry death upheld based on consistent evidence of harassment and dowry demands – Case remanded for reconsideration of sentence against husband, ensuring balance between severity of crime and evidentiary support. [Para 28]

Criminal Law – Conviction and Sentencing – Appeal against conviction under Sections 323, 324, 325, 326, 307 read with Section 34 IPC – Incident involved mutual injuries between complainant and accused parties – Injured Baldev Singh hospitalized for 23 days, injuries declared grievous – High Court upholds conviction based on evidence of participation by both parties in the occurrence – Considering two decades since occurrence, sentence reduced to 1½ years RI for each appellant – Appeal partly accepted. [Paras 1-33]

Evidence Law – Mutual Injury – Presence of Both Parties – Injuries Sustained – Both parties actively involved and sustained injuries – Injured Baldev Singh's MLR confirmed grievous injuries – Medical evidence corroborated injuries on both sides – High Court emphasizes equitable treatment considering mutual harm. [Para 28]

Decision – Sentence Reduction – High Court maintains conviction but reduces sentence – Original sentences reduced from 4 and 3 years RI to 1½ years RI each – Fine maintained – Emphasizes significant time lapse and mutual injuries as factors for sentence reduction – Directs compliance and surrender within 15 days. [Paras 33-34]

Criminal Law – Harboring Offenders – Section 212 IPC – Petition against conviction for harboring terrorists and dismissal from BSF – Petitioner convicted by General Security Force Court – Alleged confessional statement denied by petitioner – High Court held that no knowledge or reason to believe the harbored persons were terrorists – Offense under Section 212 IPC not made out – Orders of conviction and dismissal set aside. [Paras 1-14]

Evidence Law – Confessional Statements – Admissibility and Reliability – Petitioner denied alleged confessional statement – No evidence of knowledge that harbored individuals committed any offense – High Court emphasizes importance of mens rea and knowledge under Section 212 IPC – Confessional statement cannot be sole basis for conviction without corroborative evidence. [Paras 11-12]

Decision – Quashing of Conviction and Dismissal – High Court quashes conviction and dismissal of petitioner – Finds serious miscarriage of justice due to lack of evidence and non-speaking orders by authorities – Orders reinstatement with all consequential benefits. [Para 18]

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act – Evidence – Acquittal on Grounds of Insufficient Evidence – Appeal challenging conviction under Section 15(c) of NDPS Act – Appellant not apprehended at the spot, identified solely by a police witness – No independent corroboration or ownership link to the vehicle – Prosecution’s case had discrepancies in witness statements – No connection established between appellant and recovered contraband – High Court acquits appellant giving benefit of doubt. [Paras 1-23]

Identification and Independent Witnesses – Importance of Reliable Identification – Appellant identified by a single police witness with no prior acquaintance – Independent witness not examined, raising doubt on prosecution’s case – High Court holds lack of reliable identification and independent corroboration as crucial in acquitting the appellant. [Paras 18-22]

Evidence Law – Discrepancies in Prosecution Evidence – Material contradictions in statements of prosecution witnesses – Inconsistent testimonies regarding the location and manner of search and recovery – High Court emphasizes need for clear, corroborative evidence in NDPS cases – Benefit of doubt extended to appellant due to these discrepancies. [Paras 21-22]

Decision – Acquittal of Appellant – High Court sets aside conviction and sentence under Section 15(c) of NDPS Act – Orders immediate release of appellant if not required in any other case – Emphasizes strict adherence to evidence standards in criminal cases, especially under NDPS Act. [Para 23]

Service Law – Selection Process – Essential Qualifications – Petition against Tribunal's order setting aside selection of petitioner for Tutor (Bio-Informatics) – Petitioner selected despite not meeting essential qualifications as per advertisement – Tribunal found petitioner did not have required qualifications and set aside selection – High Court held PGIMER erred by considering petitioner's qualification without amending recruitment rules – Essential qualifications must be strictly adhered to – Selection process vitiated due to non-compliance with advertised qualifications – Petition dismissed, selection set aside. [Paras 1-22]

Recruitment Rules – Adherence to Qualifications – Importance of Strict Compliance – PGIMER considered M.Sc. in Bio-Informatics equivalent to advertised qualifications without amending recruitment rules – High Court emphasizes strict adherence to recruitment rules and qualifications mentioned in advertisement – Selecting authority cannot modify or relax qualifications during selection process – Selection of petitioner declared invalid for lacking essential qualifications. [Para 12]

Judicial Review – Arbitrary Selection Process – Tribunal's Jurisdiction – High Court upholds Tribunal's decision – Affirms that unsuccessful candidate can challenge selection if fundamental rules are violated – Tribunal justified in setting aside selection due to non-compliance with essential qualifications – Orders PGIMER to re-conduct selection process within two months. [Para 19]

Decision – Dismissal of Petition – High Court dismisses petition challenging Tribunal's order – Directs PGIMER to re-conduct selection process adhering to prescribed qualifications – Ensures compliance with recruitment rules and fair selection process. [Para 22]

Service Law – Adverse Remarks in ACR – Quashing of Adverse Remarks – Petitioner, a judicial officer, challenged adverse remarks in ACR for 2010-11 and compulsory retirement – Adverse remarks included issues of integrity and conduct – Petitioner argued no material evidence or complaints to support adverse remarks – High Court found adverse remarks inconsistent with positive remarks on judgment quality and work quantity – No complaints substantiating integrity doubts – Adverse remarks quashed – High Court directed to reconsider representation on ACR. [Paras 1-46]

Judicial Review – Procedural Fairness – Recording of Reasons – High Court emphasized need for detailed reasons when rejecting representations against adverse ACR remarks – Noted absence of complaints or material evidence against petitioner – Ordered fresh decision on petitioner’s representation ensuring reasons are recorded – Reaffirmed importance of procedural fairness in administrative decisions affecting service careers. [Paras 39-45]

Decision – Reconsideration of Representation and Compulsory Retirement – High Court quashed adverse remarks in ACR and ordered fresh consideration of representation – Directed to reconsider order of compulsory retirement post ACR decision – Emphasized adherence to principles of natural justice and procedural fairness – Both writ petitions disposed of with directions for timely reconsideration. [Para 46]

Service Law – Disability – Entitlement to Salary and Allowances – Petition challenging order directing payment of salary and allowances to disabled employee – Respondent employee met with accident and became 100% disabled – Petitioner bank declared him disentitled for salary and allowances on “no work, no pay” principle – High Court held that under Section 47 of the Persons with Disabilities Act, it is enough that disability was suffered during service, not necessarily during the course of duties – Court emphasized that beneficial legislation cannot be restrictively interpreted – Commissioner under the Act had jurisdiction to try the complaint – Petition dismissed. [Paras 1-11]

Interpretation of Statute – Persons with Disabilities Act – Sections 47 and 62 – Section 47 prohibits dispensation or reduction in rank of an employee acquiring disability during service – Commissioner empowered under Section 62 to address complaints regarding deprivation of rights of disabled persons – High Court clarifies “during service” to include any disability suffered while employed, irrespective of whether it occurred during the performance of duties. [Paras 3-7]

Decision – Dismissal of Petition – Court dismisses petition challenging the order of the Commissioner – Upholds entitlement of the respondent to salary and allowances under Section 47 of the Act – Reiterates the jurisdiction of the Commissioner to adjudicate such matters – Affirms the principles of beneficial interpretation and protection of rights of persons with disabilities. [Paras 10-11]