Criminal Law – Quashing of FIR – Appellant petitioners sought quashing of FIR under Sections 420, 406, 467, 468, 471, and 120-B of IPC – FIR was registered post the enactment of Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023 – Dispute between family members regarding the alleged forgery of a will and manipulation of property records – Petitioners argued that with the repeal of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) from 01.07.2024, FIRs could not be registered under IPC – Court held that for offences committed before 01.07.2024, FIRs must still be registered under the IPC despite its repeal, per Section 358(2) of BNS [Paras 5, 20, 22, 25].
Property Dispute – Nature of Dispute – FIR alleged that the petitioners forged a will and manipulated revenue records to transfer property after the death of the complainant's mother – Court observed that the dispute pertained to property distribution, a civil matter, not criminal – Ingredients of offences under Sections 420, 406, 467, 468, 471 IPC were not made out in the FIR – No dishonest inducement, entrustment, or forgery was evident from the complaint [Paras 28.1, 29].
Procedural Law – Applicability of BNS and BNSS – Court discussed the transition from IPC to BNS and Cr.P.C. to BNSS – Held that while offences committed before 01.07.2024 would be registered under IPC, the procedure for FIRs post-01.07.2024 would follow the Bhartiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) 2023 – Investigation and trial would continue as per BNSS [Paras 23, 24, 31].
Decision – Petition allowed – FIR and consequential proceedings quashed – Held that pursuing the FIR would cause unnecessary harassment and was an abuse of process as the core issue was a civil property dispute rather than a criminal matter [Paras 32, 33, 35].
 

Railway Accident Claim - Compensation Disbursement – Appeal – The claimants challenged the award passed by the Railway Claims Tribunal (RCT), which ordered 90% of the compensation to be invested in a fixed deposit for three years – The High Court noted that the RCT Chandigarh Bench had been issuing similar directions in numerous cases – The Tribunal's actions were intended to safeguard the interests of claimants, particularly minors, illiterates, widows, and others vulnerable to exploitation, as per the "parens patriae" doctrine – However, it was emphasized that the guidelines for investment of compensation amounts should not be applied rigidly and should consider each claimant's specific circumstances – Held: The appeals were allowed, except for those involving minors, where the compensation was ordered to be retained in fixed deposits until they attain the age of majority or a need arises [Paras 3-13].

Investment Guidelines – The Supreme Court’s guidelines in Union Carbide Corporation v. Union of India (1991) and Muljibhai v. United India Insurance Co. (1982) govern compensation disbursal, emphasizing that fixed deposits are appropriate for minors, illiterate claimants, and widows – The guidelines were extended in Susamma Thomas v. Kerala State Road Transport Corp. (1994) and reaffirmed in A.V. Padma v. R. Venugopal (2012) – The High Court reiterated that while fixed deposits protect vulnerable claimants, tribunals should apply the guidelines pragmatically and not mechanically [Paras 3-10].

Decision: The appeals were partly allowed – Compensation for minor claimants to remain in fixed deposits, while compensation for adult claimants, with no apprehension of exploitation, was directed to be disbursed without mandatory investment in fixed deposits [Paras 12-13].

Employees Compensation Act – Ex Parte Award – Set Aside – The respondent, Abdul Rehman Naik, filed a claim petition under Section 3 of the Workmen Compensation Act, 1923, alleging injuries sustained during his employment with the appellant – An ex parte award was passed in favor of the respondent without proper service of notice to the appellant or any authorized representation on his behalf – The appellant filed for recall of the award, contending he was unaware of the claim petition and had not authorized any advocate to appear for him – Held: The Commissioner Employees Compensation failed to ensure proper service of notice to the appellant, and the ex parte proceedings were conducted without due diligence – The award was set aside on account of serious procedural infirmity, and the matter was remanded for de novo adjudication – [Paras 14-19, 22].

Natural Justice – Right to Fair Hearing – Denied – The principles of natural justice were violated as the appellant was condemned unheard, and the claim petition was decided without giving him a fair opportunity to present his case – The Commissioner failed to record how the appellant was served and who represented him during the proceedings – Held: The violation of natural justice principles necessitated the setting aside of the award to protect the appellant’s right to a fair hearing – [Paras 17-20].

Decision: Appeal allowed – The award dated 09.06.2012 passed by the Commissioner Employees Compensation (Assistant Labour Commissioner) Doda Camp Ramban is set aside – The matter is remanded for de novo adjudication with directions to ensure proper service of summons to the appellant and the respondent – The amount withdrawn by the respondent pursuant to the court’s order is to be deposited back – [Para 28].

Criminal Law – Premature release – Petition filed under Articles 226 and 227 of the Constitution challenging rejection of premature release by State – Petitioner convicted for murder under Section 302 IPC and had undergone 23 years of imprisonment with remission – Sentence Review Board recommended premature release, citing good conduct and family support – State rejected the recommendation citing risk of revenge and the convict's absconding after parole – High Court quashed the rejection, stating the petitioner’s case should be considered based on rules applicable at the time of conviction, not the 2021 Rules – Petition allowed, and release ordered. [Paras 1-20]

Sentencing Policy – Guidelines for premature release – Convict absconding for 5 years after parole – Despite this, Board found overall conduct in jail to be satisfactory – Consideration of parole violations, victim's family objections, and convict's conduct are key factors – However, Court noted that recommendations must follow the rules in effect at the time of conviction – 2021 Guidelines not applicable. [Paras 10-15]

Decision – Petition allowed – High Court directed the State to issue orders for premature release within seven days, adhering to the Sentence Review Board's recommendation – Held that the rejection of the premature release was based on an inapplicable legal framework and the petitioner’s conduct and family support justified his release. [Paras 16-20]

Criminal Procedure – Further Investigation – Court quashed the Sessions Court's order directing further investigation by the CID – Held that the Sessions Court erred in directing a different investigating agency (CID) to conduct further investigation – The power to order further investigation under Section 173(8) Cr.P.C. lies with the original investigating agency unless the High Court exercises its jurisdiction under Section 482 Cr.P.C. – The Sessions Court exceeded its jurisdiction by directing the CID to take over the investigation [Paras 7-8].

Jurisdiction – Power of Magistrate – Reaffirmed that a Magistrate or Sessions Court has limited power to direct further investigation under Section 173(8) Cr.P.C. – Only the High Court or Supreme Court can order reinvestigation or transfer investigation to another agency under their supervisory jurisdiction [Paras 7-8].

Decision: Criminal petition allowed – The order of the Sessions Court directing the CID to conduct further investigation was quashed – Further investigation ordered to be conducted by the original jurisdictional police within three months [Paras 9].

Criminal Law – Offences under the Insecticides Act – Petitioners challenged the cognizance and summons issued by the Trial Court for selling insecticides without a license – The main argument focused on the non-compliance with Section 33 of the Insecticides Act, which mandates the inclusion of the company in proceedings against its officers [Paras 1-12].
Procedure under Section 202 Cr.P.C. – Petitioners argued that the Magistrate failed to conduct an enquiry under Section 202 Cr.P.C. before issuing summons, as the accused resided outside the jurisdiction of the court – Court noted that this procedural lapse invalidated the cognizance order [Paras 4-5].
Offences by Companies – Section 33 of the Insecticides Act – Section 33 requires that if an offence is committed by a company, the company itself must be arraigned as an accused along with the individuals responsible – The complaint in this case failed to include the company as an accused, rendering the proceedings flawed – Cognizance order set aside due to non-application of mind by the Magistrate [Paras 10-11].
Decision – Criminal Revision Petition allowed – Order of taking cognizance and issuance of summons set aside – Case dismissed for non-compliance with mandatory legal provisions – Application I.A.No.1/2024 disposed of [Para 12].
 

Family Law – Transfer of Petition – Dismissal of Transfer Application by the High Court – Conduct of Applicant Considered – Application by the wife under Section 11 of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, seeking the transfer of a petition from the Family Court in Jhajjar to Rupnagar – Applicant alleged the respondent-husband kidnapped their children and demanded money for divorce and custody – Respondent countered by revealing that the applicant was previously married and had performed a second marriage without divorce from the first husband – The applicant continued to extract maintenance from the first husband despite being remarried and pursued litigation – High Court found the applicant's conduct reprehensible and denied the transfer, emphasizing that the convenience of the woman must be balanced against her conduct [Paras 1-7].

Conduct Evaluation – Denial of Transfer Due to Applicant's Misconduct – The High Court, while deciding the transfer application, took into account the applicant's conduct, which included misleading the respondent about her previous marriage, continuing to receive maintenance from her first husband, and filing multiple litigations to extract money – The court found that her conduct disqualified her from seeking the transfer of the petition and dismissed her application accordingly [Paras 5-7].

Decision – Application Dismissed – Held – The transfer application was dismissed, and the High Court ruled that while the convenience of a woman is crucial in transfer petitions, it cannot override the consideration of her conduct, which in this case was found to be driven by greed and deceit [Para 7].

Seniority – Fixation of Seniority – Petitioners challenged the seniority list published by the Department of Revenue and Forest – Contention that the date of appointment should be considered after the successful completion of training and not from the date of joining training – Held, the seniority should be counted from the date of joining training as per the 2015 Rules, which superseded the 1998 Rules – Petition dismissed [Paras 1-14]. 

Service Rules – Application of New Rules – The 2015 Recruitment Rules supersede the 1998 Rules – Seniority must be determined based on the new rules that count the training period as part of the service period – Changes in rules during the selection process must be applied prospectively – Petitioners’ reliance on the old rules rejected [Paras 15-20]. 

Judicial Review – Supervisory Capacity – High Court’s jurisdiction under Article 226 of the Constitution – Writ of Certiorari can only be issued in case of jurisdictional error or breach of natural justice – Tribunal’s decision found to be reasoned and without error on the face of the record – Petition dismissed [Paras 21-30]. 

Decision: Writ Petition dismissed – Seniority list prepared by the Department upheld – No interference warranted in the Tribunal’s decision – Continuation of the previous interim order for four weeks to allow petitioners to approach the Apex Court [Para 46]. 

Execution of Consent Decree – Transfer of Property – Petitioners sought enforcement of a consent decree involving transfer of office space and alleged improper compliance by respondents – Property transferred for Rs. 1001/- when valued over 2 crores – Tax liability on transfer under Section 50-C of the Income Tax Act disputed – Court found respondents failed to comply with prior orders and provide necessary undertakings – Held that executing court cannot impose tax liability contrary to statutory provisions [Paras 1-23.1]. 

Undertaking by Counsel – Binding Nature – Previous counsel’s undertaking regarding tax liability not honored by respondents – Court emphasized that such undertakings must align with statutory provisions – Court highlighted procedural irregularities in representation and contradictions by respondents [Paras 17-23.1]. 

Simultaneous Compliance of Decree Terms – Court noted that terms of the consent decree should be performed simultaneously to avoid complications – Lack of joint compliance undermines the intent of the decree [Paras 18-22]. 

Decision – Application dismissed – Held – Executing court cannot direct parties to shoulder tax responsibility contrary to Income Tax Act – Petitioners’ additional factual claims require evidence – Petition dismissed without costs [Paras 23-25].