Criminal Law - Revisional Jurisdiction – High Court's power to interfere with an acquittal – Criminal Appeal challenging High Court's order remanding the case for fresh consideration – Sessions Court acquitted appellant of offenses under Sections 302 and 498A IPC based on two dying declarations and additional evidence – High Court in revisional jurisdiction re-appreciated dying declarations and remanded case – Supreme Court held High Court not justified in interfering with acquittal as Sessions Judge's view was neither unreasonable nor perverse. [Paras 12-23]

Value of Dying Declarations – Analysis – Held – Sessions Court correctly appreciated two dying declarations and additional testimonies – Noted inconsistency in dying declarations and lack of compelling evidence against appellant – High Court overstepped by re-appreciating evidence in revisional jurisdiction. [Paras 16-23]

Decision – Acquittal Restored – Supreme Court set aside High Court order, restored Sessions Court's acquittal of appellant – Reaffirmed principle that revisional jurisdiction should be exercised sparingly, especially in cases of acquittal unless there is clear evidence of miscarriage of justice. [Paras 23-24]

Property Law - Specific Performance - Consent Decree - Fraudulent Transfer - Civil Appeal against High Court Order - The Supreme Court examined whether the property transfer to Smt. Shamima Khanam was fraudulent and in violation of an existing consent decree. It upheld the lower courts' findings that fraud was committed by Smt. Shamima Khanam, resulting in the transfer of one-fourth share of the property in her favor being invalid. Held that the appellants failed to prove the legitimacy of the transfer against the standing consent decree which favored respondents Javed Akhtar and Parvez Akhtar. [Paras 1-24]

Consent Decree and Property Transfer - Analysis - Held - Supreme Court concluded that the transfer of property to Smt. Shamima Khanam was executed fraudulently, as no agreement to sell was proven between her and the original property owner, Smt. Kanak Nahar. The Court emphasized the improbability of an outsider purchasing an undivided one-fourth share in a residential property without any pre-existing agreement. [Para 20-23]

Decision - Dismissal of Appeal - The Court dismissed the appeal, affirming the lower courts' decrees of specific performance in favor of respondents Javed Akhtar and Parvez Akhtar. The fraudulent transfer by Smt. Shamima Khanam was set aside, and the original order permitting sale to the respondents was upheld. The appeal was found to lack substance, and the lower courts' findings were deemed just and proper. [Para 24]

Civil Law - Ownership and Possession Dispute – Appeal against High Court decision – High Court reversed the Trial Court's decision, favoring the Plaintiffs-Respondents who claimed ancestral ownership of disputed land – Supreme Court re-evaluated evidence and legal principles, focusing on the reliability of Khasara entries and the lack of necessary notice under relevant statutes – Held that the High Court erred in relying solely on revenue entries for determining ownership, which do not confer title – High Court's judgment set aside, Trial Court's decision reinstated, dismissing the suit for declaration of ownership and injunction. [Paras 1-31]

Reliability of Khasara Entries – Analysis – Held – Khasara entries alone cannot establish ownership – Detailed examination of various Khasara records presented by Plaintiffs indicated discrepancies and doubts about their authenticity – Supreme Court affirmed that revenue records are not definitive proof of title, aligning with established legal precedents. [Paras 20-30]

Notice Requirements – Legal Compliance – Noted – Plaintiffs failed to comply with mandatory notice requirements under Section 80 of CPC and Section 401 of the MP Municipal Corporation Act – Suit deemed not maintainable due to lack of prior notice to the Municipal Corporation – Trial Court correctly dismissed the suit on these grounds. [Paras 7, 10, 25-26]

Decision – Appeal Allowed – Supreme Court allowed the appeal, set aside the High Court’s judgment, and reinstated the Trial Court's decree – Plaintiffs' suit for declaration of title and permanent injunction dismissed – No costs awarded. [Para 31]

Criminal Law - Arrest and Detention - Procedural Safeguards - Supreme Court emphasizes the need for stringent compliance with procedural safeguards before making an arrest under Section 498A IPC. Police must justify the necessity of arrest beyond mere allegations. Directed State Governments to ensure police officers follow the guidelines in Section 41 and Section 41A CrPC, preventing unnecessary arrests and ensuring judicial scrutiny by Magistrates. [Paras 1-17]

Role of Magistrates - Authorizing Detention - Magistrates must ensure compliance with procedural requirements and should not authorize detention mechanically. Arrests under Section 498A IPC and related provisions must meet specific criteria, ensuring the protection of individual liberty. Magistrates to record their satisfaction regarding the necessity of arrest and detention, holding them accountable for lapses. [Para 9-13]

Decision - Guidelines for Arrest under Section 498A IPC - Issued detailed guidelines for police officers and Magistrates to prevent misuse of arrest powers. These include providing checklists, recording reasons for arrest, and ensuring compliance with Section 41A CrPC. Failure to adhere to guidelines may result in departmental action and contempt proceedings. Directed dissemination of the judgment to relevant authorities for implementation. [Para 13-15]

Criminal Law – Dowry Death – Conviction Upheld – Criminal Appeal against High Court judgment affirming conviction under Sections 304B and 498A IPC for dowry death and cruelty – Evidence indicated the deceased was harassed for dowry and subjected to cruelty soon before her death – Dying declaration corroborated by witnesses (PW-6 and PW-8) and consistent with medical evidence – Appellant’s argument of accidental death rejected due to inconsistencies and lack of corroboration – Supreme Court upheld lower courts' findings and dismissed the appeal. [Paras 1-22]

Evidence – Dying Declaration – Reliability – Held – Dying declaration was deemed reliable as it was recorded by Chief Judicial Magistrate (CJM) and certified by attending doctor as fit – Deceased retracted earlier tutored statement, providing a consistent account of harassment and demand for dowry – Second part of declaration found credible and spontaneous. [Para 11-13]

Presumption under Section 113B of the Evidence Act – Analysis – Held – Ingredients for presumption of dowry death satisfied: death within seven years of marriage, unnatural circumstances, evidence of cruelty and harassment for dowry soon before death – Presumption under Section 113B triggered, placing burden on appellant to disprove – Appellant failed to rebut presumption, affirming guilt. [Para 17-19]

Decision – Appeal Dismissed – Conviction and sentence for dowry death (Section 304B) and cruelty (Section 498A) affirmed – Supreme Court found no merit in appellant’s claims, directed immediate custody to serve remaining sentence – Bail bond canceled. [Para 22]

Criminal Law - Evidence - Presence and Participation of Accused - Conviction Reinstated:Criminal appeals against the High Court’s order modifying the conviction of Seena @ Srinivasa (A2) from an offence under Section 302 IPC to one under Section 326 IPC and acquitting Ramanna @ Rama (A3). Supreme Court reinstates the conviction of Seena @ Srinivasa under Section 302 IPC. [Paras 28-30]

Presence and Participation - Corroboration by Witnesses:Held that the presence and participation of Seena @ Srinivasa (A2) in the commission of the offence were sufficiently corroborated by the evidence of eyewitnesses PW1 and PW2. The prosecution failed to prove the involvement of Ramanna @ Rama (A3) beyond reasonable doubt, thereby justifying his acquittal. [Paras 27-28]

Decision - Conviction of Seena @ Srinivasa (A2) Reinstated - Acquittal of Ramanna @ Rama (A3) Upheld:The judgment of the High Court acquitting Ramanna @ Rama (A3) is upheld. The conviction of Seena @ Srinivasa (A2) under Section 302 IPC by the Trial Court is restored. The appeals filed by the State of Karnataka against the acquittal of A3 and modification of A2’s conviction are partly allowed. Seena @ Srinivasa (A2) to be taken into custody to serve the remainder of his sentence. [Para 30]

Criminal Law - Dowry Death – Conviction upheld – Appeal dismissed – Section 304B IPC, Section 113B Indian Evidence Act – Death of woman due to burns within seven months of marriage – Evidence showed harassment for dowry – Presumption of dowry death rightly raised – Appeal dismissed. [Paras 1-15]

Evidence Law - Presumption under Section 113B – Dowry death – Essentials for presumption under Section 113B Evidence Act satisfied – Harassment for dowry soon before death – Conviction under Section 304B IPC upheld – Appeal dismissed. [Paras 10-14]

Criminal Procedure - Section 313 CrPC – Examination of accused – Denial of prosecution allegations – Defense of impotence and suicide by deceased rejected – Conviction upheld based on evidence. [Paras 4-6]

Decision - Dismissal of Appeal – Supreme Court found no merit in the appeal against conviction under Section 304B IPC – Appellant's bail bonds canceled – Appellant directed to serve remainder of sentence. [Para 15]

Criminal Law - Quashing of Proceedings - Inherent Powers - Criminal Appeal against High Court's refusal to quash proceedings - Appellant accused of conspiracy and theft of cheques from bank account - Allegation of negligence and dereliction of duty by Appellant as Branch Manager of the bank - High Court dismissed application under Section 482 CrPC - Supreme Court quashes proceedings against Appellant due to lack of prima facie case and abuse of process of law - Complaint against Appellant does not constitute any of the alleged offences - Appeal allowed. [Paras 1-18]

Exercise of Inherent Powers - Scope and Ambit - High Courts' power under Section 482 CrPC - Guidelines for exercise of power - Powers to be used sparingly and only to prevent abuse of process of Court or to secure ends of justice - Judicial discretion must be exercised cautiously - Principles reiterated. [Para 10-12]

Complaint Analysis - Role of Bank Manager - Appellant's action in accordance with complainant's instructions - No evidence of Appellant's involvement in conspiracy - Complaint based on allegations of negligence and dereliction of duty - Supreme Court holds that allegations do not constitute a criminal offence - Criminal proceedings quashed. [Paras 13-16]

Decision - Quashing of Criminal Proceedings - Continuation of proceedings deemed abuse of process of law - Complaint against Appellant quashed - High Court order set aside - Appeal allowed. [Paras 17-18]

Employees' Provident Funds Act - Liability of Transferee - Interpretation of Sections 14B and 17B - The Supreme Court affirmed that under Section 14B of the EPF Act, damages for default in provident fund payments can be recovered from both the transferor and transferee of an establishment. The Court upheld the judgment that damages are recoverable jointly and severally from the erstwhile and current managements, reinforcing the statute's intent to prevent evasion of provident fund contributions. [Paras 4, 12]

Damages under Section 14B - Transfer of Establishment - The Court rejected the argument that damages under Section 14B cannot be transferred under Section 17B, clarifying that "contributions and other sums due" include damages. It emphasized the comprehensive liability of the establishment and the continuation of such liability despite the transfer of management. [Paras 11, 12]

Judicial Precedent and Interpretation - Referencing the precedent in Sayaji Mills Ltd. v. Regional Provident Fund Commissioner, the Court noted that the EPF Act applies to the establishment rather than the owner, thus making the inter se covenants between transferor and transferee irrelevant for determining statutory liabilities. The Court also upheld the constitutional validity of Section 14B, following the decision in Organo Chemical Industries v. Union of India. [Paras 6, 9]

Role of Mens Rea and Actus Reus in Imposition of Damages - The Court acknowledged that while mens rea and actus reus are relevant factors in determining the imposition and quantum of damages under Section 14B, they do not negate the statutory mandate to impose punitive damages for defaults. The liability extends to the successor in management to ensure effective recovery and compliance with statutory objectives. [Paras 8, 10]

Decision - Dismissal of Appeal - The Supreme Court dismissed the appeal, endorsing the High Court's and RPF Commissioner's rationale and decision. The imposition of damages and interest under Sections 14B and 7Q was deemed appropriate and necessary to uphold the statute's intent and protect the beneficiaries' interests. [Paras 13]