Recovery Suit - Financial Dispute – Dispute over payment for diesel supplied by Respondent (fuel supplier) to Appellant (construction company) for a construction project – Appellants challenge the judgment and decree mandating them to pay Rs. 4,08,715/- with 12% interest per annum. [Para 1]

Evidence and Burden of Proof – Discrepancies in evidence presented by both parties – Appellants argue payments were made and recorded, while Respondent fails to produce books of account or detailed evidence of outstanding invoices – Trial Court's decision questioned due to reliance on incomplete evidence. [Paras 2-4, 6, 12-15, 17-18]

Legal Principles and Findings – Importance of substantiation in financial disputes – The need for clear, convincing evidence in claims based on financial transactions – Trial Court's decision set aside due to insufficient evidence from Respondent. [Paras 15, 17-18]

Decision – High Court allows appeal, setting aside the impugned judgment and decree – Directs release of deposited amount with interest to Appellants – Emphasizes on the importance of credible evidence in financial claims. [Paras 19-21]

Negotiable Instruments Act – Section 138 – Acquittal of drawer for dishonor of cheque – Appellant’s failure to prove service of legal demand notice crucial for the appeal against acquittal – Requirements under Section 138 NI Act not fulfilled – Appeal dismissed. [Para 1, 5, 20, 26]

Cheque Dishonor – Legal Demand Notice – Importance of proving service of legal demand notice for cheque dishonor cases – Failure to establish service of notice leads to acquittal – Photocopies of service proofs insufficient without originals or valid explanation for their absence. [Para 18, 19]

Appeal Against Acquittal – Principles guiding appellate court in appeals against acquittal – Presumption of innocence reinforced by trial court’s acquittal – Interference by appellate court only on finding of perversity or legal error in trial court’s judgment. [Para 21, 22, 24, 25]

Evidence – Burden of Proof – Complainant’s burden to prove service of legal demand notice in cheque bounce cases – Photocopies of service proofs require validation under Indian Evidence Act for admissibility – Original documents’ absence without explanation weakens case. [Para 18, 19, 20]

Postal Service – Presumption of Notice Delivery – General Clauses Act and Indian Evidence Act provide for presumption of notice delivery through postal service – Applicability of presumption depends on proving foundational facts of notice dispatch. [Para 17, 19]

Judicial Reasoning – Appellate court’s approach in analyzing trial court’s judgment – Evaluation based on legal correctness and factual accuracy without reappreciation of evidence unless necessary. [Para 21, 22, 24, 25]

Bail Application – Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 – Regular Bail Denied – Petitioner Somdutt Singh seeking regular bail for offenses under NDPS Act, involved in commercial quantity psychotropic substance trafficking – Bail denied due to substantial evidence against the petitioner including recoveries at his instance and WhatsApp chats linking him to the crime. [Para 1, 2, 7-8, 20]

Evidence and Compliance with NDPS Act Procedures – Compliance with Sections 42 and 52-A of NDPS Act discussed – Recovery of substances at petitioner’s instance admissible under Section 27 of the Indian Evidence Act – Sampling in presence of Magistrate – Delay in compliance with Section 52-A not a ground for bail. [Para 7, 9, 13-17]

Comparison with Co-Accused's Bail – Petitioner's plea for parity in bail with co-accused Arun Kumar @ Varun dismissed – Different roles and circumstances noted, with no recovery from Arun Kumar @ Varun, leading to his bail on different grounds. [Para 10]

Decision – Considering the commercial quantity of substances recovered and the involvement of the petitioner in trafficking, the bail application is dismissed – Observations made solely for deciding bail and not an expression on the merits of the case. [Para 20-23]

Context of Bail Applications – Bail sought in Case No. VIII/13,13A/DZU/2020 under NDPS Act for possession of psychotropic substances – Applications of Kashmir @ Mausam and Somdutt Singh @ Shivam heard together due to common FIR. [Para 1]

Case History and Arrest Details – Kashmir @ Mausam in custody since October 30, 2020, and Somdutt Singh @ Shivam since April 15, 2021 – Arrests followed seizure of psychotropic substances from a courier service and an apartment. [Para 2]

Prosecution’s Case – Seizure of Alprazolam, Lorazepam, Tramadol tablets from courier parcels – Recovery of additional tablets and incriminating materials from Kingsbury Apartment – Accused connected through mobile records and admissions under Section 67 of NDPS Act. [Paras 3.1-3.8]

Defence Submissions – Kashmir @ Mausam claimed to be an employee, not a partner in the alleged drug operation – Somdutt Singh denied involvement, no direct recovery from him – Emphasis on inadmissibility of co-accused statements under NDPS Act. [Paras 4-5]

Prosecution's Counterarguments – Commercial quantities of drugs recovered implicating both applicants – Rigours of Section 37 of NDPS Act highlighted due to commercial quantities involved – Emphasis on involvement in psychotropic substance business. [Para 6]

Court’s Analysis and Decision – Differentiated roles of applicants assessed – Lack of direct evidence against Somdutt Singh noted – Reliance on Supreme Court judgment regarding inadmissibility of confession under NDPS Act – Principles of parity with co-accused considered. [Paras 7-12]

Bail Granted with Conditions – Bail granted to both applicants subject to several conditions, including personal bond, appearance before court, cooperation with investigation, and non-tampering with evidence. [Paras 13-14]

Disclaimer on Merits of Case – Observations made solely for bail consideration, not reflecting on the merits of the case. [Para 15]

Pension Benefits – Family Pension – Eligibility of a widowed daughter of a deceased teacher of a Non-Government College – Dispute regarding the entitlement to family pension – Petitioner’s mother, a lecturer in a Non-Government College, received pension until her demise – After the petitioner’s husband’s death, she sought family pension – Director of Public Instruction denied the claim, citing specific guidelines – Petitioner challenged the denial through a writ petition. [Para 1-8]

Constitutional Validity – Classification between teachers of Government and Non-Government Colleges for pension benefits – Previous court rulings emphasized parity between the two groups – Exclusion of a widowed daughter from the definition of ‘family’ for family pension – Constitutional validity of the classification questioned – Articles 14 and 15 of the Constitution invoked – Court finds the classification arbitrary and violative of constitutional provisions – Orders the release of family pension if the petitioner fulfills the dependency criterion and suggests framing rules to include widowed daughters in the definition of ‘family’ for family pension purposes. [Para 20-28]

Final Disposition – The Director of Public Instruction’s order denying family pension set aside – Direction to release family pension if the petitioner qualifies – Suggests rule framing for inclusion of widowed daughters in family pension eligibility – Writ petition disposed of. [Para 28-35]

Maninder Sharma Vs. State Tax Officer, State, Mobile Wing, Jalandhar, Punjab, CRM-M-24033-2021(O&M) Decided on 31.08.2022

Representing Advocates:

Mr. R.S. Rai, Sr. Advocate, with Ms. Eknoor Kaur Sara, Advocate, and Mr. Nimish Chib, Advocate, for the petitioner.

Ms. Ramta K Chaudhary, DAG, Punjab.

Mr. A.P.S. Deol, Sr. Advocate, with Mr. S.S. Deol, Advocate, for the complainant.

Anticipatory Bail – Application under Section 438 Cr.P.C. for grant of anticipatory bail in a case involving alleged misappropriation and cheating in a government contract – Petitioners accused of not delivering the agreed quantity of rice, leading to financial loss to the department. [Para 1, 2]

Arbitration Clause – Reliance on an arbitration clause in the contract by petitioners – Clause not applicable in cases of fraud, theft, or misappropriation, as per the agreement terms – Petitioners' failure to invoke arbitration for disputed claims within the specified period. [Para 6, 7]

Criminal Proceedings – Argument by State counsel on non-applicability of arbitration in cases of fraud, theft, or misappropriation – Petitioners' non-delivery of required rice amount prima facie constituting misappropriation. [Para 4, 8]

Arrest and Custodial Interrogation – Consideration of necessity for arrest or custodial interrogation under Sections 41 and 41A Cr.P.C. – Factors such as existing cooperation with the investigation, partial recovery of claimed amount, and attached property for remaining recovery. [Para 9, 14]

Grant of Anticipatory Bail – Application allowed based on circumstances including deposit of a significant amount post-FIR, no prior service of Section 41A notice, and attachment of land for recovery – Conditions for bail and continued cooperation with the investigation stipulated. [Para 16]

Premature Release – Denial of Premature Release – Petitioner’s plea for premature release rejected – Convicted under Sections 302, 323, 34 of IPC and Arms Act – Serving life imprisonment since 2001 – Contention based on Punjab Government policy dated 08.07.1991 regarding sentence remissions. [Paras 1-3]

Policy Interpretation – Punjab Government’s 1991 policy for life convicts – Minimum actual imprisonment of 10 years and total of 14 years including remission for certain categories – Petitioner's claim of fulfilling these criteria for premature release. [Paras 7-9]

Actual Sentence Calculation – Discrepancy between petitioner’s claim and state’s submission on actual sentence served – State’s formula excludes parole period from actual sentence – Reference to Supreme Court’s decision in Avtar Singh Vs. State of Haryana regarding non-inclusion of parole in actual sentence calculation. [Paras 10-12, 14-15]

Legal Precedent – Reliance on Supreme Court’s judgment in Avtar Singh case – Upholding legislative provision excluding parole period from actual sentence calculation – Impact on the petitioner’s claim for premature release. [Paras 13-16]

Decision – Petition Dismissed – Petitioner not meeting the actual sentence requirement as per 1991 policy after excluding parole period – Petitioner ineligible for premature release. [Para 18]

Specific Relief Act – Application under Section 28 to rescind the agreement to sell – Dismissal of application by the Court of Civil Judge (Junior Division) – Suit for specific performance filed by respondent – Ex-parte decree in favor of respondent – Petitioner’s contention that respondent failed to deposit the balance sale consideration within the stipulated period of 3 months – Allegation of illegal permission granted by the Court to deposit the balance sale consideration – Petitioner’s application under Section 28 filed after more than 2 years of the passing of the ex-parte decree – Delay in depositing balance sale consideration condoned by the trial Court – Petitioner’s failure to establish sufficient grounds for rescission of the agreement to sell – Revision petition dismissed for lack of merit. [Para 1-9]